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. 2016 Mar 1;18:56. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-0955-8

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© Boyer et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 6 — Schematic representation of certolizumab pegol (CZP) action on transmembrane TNF (tmTNF) and subsequent regulation. The Anti-TNF agent CZP induces rapid reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through its binding to tmTNF-α. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is translocated to the nucleus. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and CD36 are induced. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which mimics some of the triggers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), induces strong production of ROS and IL-1β, which are both inhibited by pretreatment with CZP