Table 3.
NCI FA cohort, NPC SMR results, local comparisons, by FA exposure, update and plant group
| Highest Peak Categorya | AIEb | Cumulative Exposure (Cum)b | Duration of Exposure (Dur)b | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metricc,d | 2004 NCI | 1994 NCI f | 2004 NCI | 1994 NCI f | Metricc,d | 2004 NCI | 1994 NCI f | 2004 NCI | 1994 NCI f | ||||||||||||||||
| Obs | SMRe | 95 % CI | Obs | SMRe | 95 % CI | Obs | SMRe | 95 % CI | Obs | SMRe | 95 % CI | Obs | SMRe | 95 % CI | Obs | SMRe | 95 % CI | Obs | SMRe | 95 % CI | Obs | SMRe | 95 % CI | ||
| All Plants | All Plants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NCI Cats. | NCI Cats. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unexposed | 2 | 1.98 | (0.24–7.16) | 2 | 2.22 | (0.27–8.00) | 2 | 1.51 | (0.18, 5.46) | 2 | 1.62 | (0.20–5.84) | Unexposed | 2 | 1.51 | (0.18–5.46) | 2 | 1.62 | (0.20–5.84) | 2 | 1.51 | (0.18–5.46) | 2 | 1.62 | (0.20–5.84) |
| Exp Cat 1 | 1 | 1.03 | (0.03–5.73) | 0 | 0 | (0.00–2.46) | 1 | 0.41 | (0.01, 2.28) | 0 | -- | (0.00–1.77) | Exp Cat 1 | 4 | 1.50 | (0.41–3.83) | 3 | 1.36 | (0.28–3.97) | 5 | 1.83 | (0.59–4.26) | 4 | 1.80 | (0.49–4.62) |
| Exp Cat 2 | 0 | -- | (0.00, 2.24) | 0 | 0 | (0.00–3.47) | 1 | 0.91 | (0.02, 5.09) | 1 | 1.17 | (0.03–6.50) | Exp Cat 2 | 1 | 1.05 | (0.03–5.82) | 1 | 1.25 | (0.03–6.98) | 1 | 0.98 | (0.02–5.45) | 1 | 1.07 | (0.03–5.96) |
| Exp Cat 3 | 7 | 3.89** | (1.56–8.01) | 7 | 4.84** | (1.94–9.97) | 6 | 6.67** | (2.81, 14.42) | 6 | 8.36** | (3.07–18.21) | Exp Cat 3 | 3 | 3.75 | (0.77–10.96) | 3 | 4.57 | (0.94–13.37) | 2 | 2.86 | (0.35–10.32) | 2 | 3.94 | (0.48–14.25) |
| UPitt Cats. | UPitt Cats. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unexposed | 2 | 1.98 | (0.24–7.16) | 2 | 2.22 | (0.27–8.00) | 2 | 1.51 | (0.18, 5.46) | 2 | 1.62 | (0.20–5.84) | Unexposed | 2 | 1.51 | (0.18–5.46) | 2 | 1.62 | (0.20–5.84) | 2 | 1.51 | (0.18–5.46) | 2 | 1.62 | (0.20–5.84) |
| Exp Cat 1 | 1 | 1.03 | (0.03–5.73) | 0 | -- | (0.00–2.46) | 4 | 1.11 | (0.30, 2.83) | 3 | 0.99 | (0.20–2.90) | Exp Cat 1 | 4 | 1.86 | (0.51–4.77) | 3 | 1.69 | (0.35–4.94) | 3 | 2.32 | (0.48–6.77) | 3 | 2.88 | (0.40–8.43) |
| Exp Cat 2 | 0 | -- | (0.00, 2.24) | 0 | -- | (0.00–3.47) | 2 | 6.33 | (0.77, 22.86) | 2 | 7.60 | (0.92–27.46) | Exp Cat 2 | 2 | 1.08 | (0.13–3.89) | 2 | 1.30 | (0.16–4.68) | 3 | 1.83 | (0.38–5.36) | 2 | 1.49 | (0.18–5.38) |
| Exp Cat 3 | 8 | 4.50** | (1.94–8.87) | 8 | 5.53** | (2.39–10.90) | 3 | 5.73* | (1.18, 16.75) | 3 | 8.06* | (1.66–23.55) | Exp Cat 3 | 3 | 6.60* | (1.36–19.30) | 3 | 8.80* | (1.82–25.73) | 3 | 1.96 | (0.41–5.74) | 3 | 2.35 | (0.48–6.86) |
| Plant 1 | Plant 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UPitt Cats. | UPitt Cats. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unexposed | 0 | -- | (0.00, 2.09) | 0 | 0 | (0.00–24.59) | 0 | -- | (0.00, 14.20) | 0 | -- | (0.00–15.97) | Unexposed | 0 | -- | (0.00–14.20) | 0 | -- | (0.00–15.97) | 0 | -- | (0.00–14.20) | 0 | -- | (0.00–15.97) |
| Exp Cat 1 | 0 | -- | (0.00, 2.90) | 0 | -- | -- | 2 | 4.88 | (0.59, 17.61) | 2 | 7.46 | (0.90–26.94) | Exp Cat 1 | 3 | 8.26* | (1.70–24.14) | 3 | 11.70** | (2.41–34.18) | 3 | 9.14** | (1.89–26.72) | 3 | 12.79** | (2.64–37.37) |
| Exp Cat 2 | 0 | -- | (0.00, 2.90) | 0 | -- | (0.00–13.54) | 2 | 10.74* | (1.30, 38.79) | 2 | 13.96* | (1.69–50.44) | Exp Cat 2 | 2 | 5.24 | (0.63–18.93) | 2 | 7.21 | (0.87–26.04) | 2 | 6.30 | (0.76–22.75) | 2 | 9.01* | (1.09–32.54) |
| Exp Cat 3 | 6 | 12.91** | (4.74–28.10) | 6 | 17.04** | (6.25–37.08) | 2 | 9.03* | (1.09, 32.64) | 2 | 11.78* | (1.43–42.57) | Exp Cat 3 | 1 | 13.66 | (0.34–76.10) | 1 | 21.18 | (0.53–118.03) | 1 | 5.80 | (0.15–32.34) | 1 | 8.03 | (0.20–44.75) |
| Plants 2–10 | Plants 2–10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UPitt Cats. | UPitt Cats. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unexposed | 2 | 2.42 | (0.29–8.75) | 2 | 2.66 | (0.32–9.60) | 2 | 1.88 | (0.23, 6.80) | 2 | 1.99 | (0.24–7.18) | Unexposed | 2 | 1.88 | (0.23–6.80) | 2 | 1.99 | (0.24–7.19) | 2 | 1.88 | (0.23–6.80) | 2 | 1.99 | (0.24–7.18) |
| Exp Cat 1 | 1 | 1.04 | (0.03–5.77) | 0 | -- | (0.00–2.46) | 2 | 0.62 | (0.08, 2.25) | 1 | 0.36 | (0.01–2.02) | Exp Cat 1 | 1 | 0.56 | (0.01–3.12) | 0 | -- | (0.00–2.43) | 0 | -- | (0.00–3.82) | 0 | -- | (0.00–4.58) |
| Exp Cat 2 | 0 | -- | (0.00, 2.90) | 0 | -- | (0.00–4.66) | 0 | -- | (0.00, 28.43) | 0 | -- | (0.00–30.78) | Exp Cat 2 | 0 | -- | (0.00–2.50) | 0 | -- | (0.00–2.92) | 1 | 0.76 | (0.02–4.23) | 0 | -- | (0.00–3.29) |
| Exp Cat 3 | 2 | 1.52 | (0.18–5.50) | 2 | 1.83 | (0.22–6.60) | 1 | 3.31 | (0.08, 18.45) | 1 | 4.94 | (0.12–27.50) | Exp Cat 3 | 2 | 5.25 | (0.64–18.96) | 2 | 6.81 | (0.82–24.61) | 2 | 1.48 | (0.18–5.33) | 2 | 1.73 | (0.21–6.26) |
aNCI categories based on 60 and 80th percentiles of formaldehyde exposure among cancer deaths who were exposed. Includes only 10/11 deaths
bUniversity of Pittsburgh categories based on approx. tertiles of formaldehyde exposure among NPC deaths who were exposed. Include 11 deaths
cAll exposures lagged 15 years as in NCI study
dNCI exposure category cutpoints: highest peak (>0- < 2.0, 2.0- < 4.0, and 4.0+ ppm); average intensity of exposure (>0-0.5, 0.5- < 1.0, and 1.0+ ppm); cumulative exposure (>0-1.5, 1.5- < 5.5, and 5.5+ ppm-years); duration of exposure (>0- < 5.0, 5.0- < 15.0, and 15.0+ years). UPitt exposure category cutpoints: highest peak (same as NCI) (>0- < 2.0, 2.0- < 4.0, and 4.0+ ppm); average intensity of exposure (<1.046, 1.046-1.177, and 1.178+ ppm); cumulative exposure (<0.734, 0.734-10.150, and 10.151+ ppm-years); duration of exposure (<0.617, 0.617-6.263, and 6.264+ years)
eAll SMRs adjusted for sex, race, age group, and time period
fFrom Marsh and Youk (2005)
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01