Table 1.
Characteristics of the 18 studies in the meta-analysis
| Study | Country | Study design | Gender (M/F*) | Age (grade) | Baseline sample size (N; IG/CG*) | Final sample size (N;IG/CG) | Intervention type | Intervention duration(month) | Measurement method of PA level | PA contents | Weekly PA intervention time (minute) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aguilar,2010 [44] | European | Cluster RCT | MF(0.94) | 4 ~ 5 | 921;375/546 | 546;257/289 | PA | 12 ~ 24 | I | Three 90-minute PA sessions/week, and three hours low-to-moderate intensity PA sessions/week | >100 |
| Ahamed,2007 [43] | European | Cluster RCT | MF(0.99) | 4 ~ 5 | 288;214/74 | 287;214/73 | PA&N | 12 ~ 24 | Q | 80 min/week physical education and 75 min/week PA in the classroom | >100 |
| Angelopoulos,2009 [41] | European | Cluster RCT | MF(0.79) | 1 ~ 6 | 646;321/325 | 646;321/325 | PA&N | 12 ~ 24 | Q | Two 45-minute PA sessions/week. | ≤100 |
| Caballero,2003 [47] | The United States | RCT | MF(-) | 3 ~ 5 | 1704; 879/825 | 1409; 727/682 | PA&N | >24 | I&Q | Three 30-minute PA sessions/week | ≤100 |
| Donnelly,2009 [48] | The United States | Cluster RCT | MF(0.94) | 2 | 1527;814/713 | 1427;792/698 | PA | >24 | I | 90 minutes moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA sessions/week | ≤100 |
| Dzewaltowski,2010 [50] | The United States | Cluster RCT | MF(0.98) | 3 ~ 4 | 246;112/134 | 246;112/134 | PA&N | >24 | I | Five 30-minute PA sessions/week | >100 |
| Graf,2008 [45] | European | Cluster RCT | MF(1.04) | 1 | 580;410/170 | 580;410/170 | PA&N | >24 | Q | Extra 20–30-minute/week health education and 5-minute/day PA games | ≤100 |
| Jiang,2007 [52] | Asian | Cluster RCT | MF(1.06) | 3 ~ 6 | 2452;1029/1396 | 2452;1029/1396 | PA&N | >24 | Q | Three 20-minutes/week running | ≤100 |
| Kriemler,2010 [40] | European | Cluster RCT | MF(0.95) | 1, 5 | 502;297/205 | 502;297/205 | PA | 12 ~ 24 | I | Two 45-minutes PA sessions/week | ≤100 |
| Li,2010 [51] | Asian | Cluster RCT | MF(1.04) | 3 ~ 4 | 4120;2092/2028 | 4120;2092/2028 | PA | 12 ~ 24 | I&Q | Ten 10-minutes PA sessions/week | ≤100 |
| Llargues,2011 [37] | African | Cluster RCT | MF(1.18) | 1 | 509;272/237 | 508; 272/236 | PA&N | 12 ~ 24 | Q | Three-hour activities related to PA/week | >100 |
| Llargues,2012 [38] | African | Cluster RCT | MF(1.09) | 1 | 426;225/201 | 426;225/201 | PA&N | 12 ~ 24 | Q | Three-hour PA/week | >100 |
| Lohman,2003 [49] | The United States | RCT | MF(1.08) | - | 1367;704/663 | 1367;704/663 | PA&N | >24 | Q | Three 30-minute PA/week | ≤100 |
| MacKelvie,2004 [39] | European | RCT | M | 4 ~ 6 | 64;31/33 | 64;31/33 | PA | 12 ~ 24 | Q | Three time 12-minute PA/week | ≤100 |
| Magnusson,2012 [42] | European | Cluster RCT | MF(0.80) | 2 | 166;90/76 | 166;90/76 | PA&N | 12 ~ 24 | I | Three 40-minute PA sessions/week | >100 |
| Manios,2002 [33] | European | RCT | MF(-) | 1 | 1046;602/444 | 641;356/285 | PA&N | >24 | Q | Two 45-minute PA sessions/week | ≤100 |
| Nader,1999 [34] | The United States | Cluster RCT | MF(1.07) | 3 ~ 5 | 5106;2989/2117 | 4544;2707/1837 | PA&N | >24 | Q | Two 45-minute PA sessions/week | ≤100 |
| Tarro,2014 [46] | European | Cluster RCT | MF(-) | 2 ~ 3 | 2350;1550/800 | 1939;1222/717 | PA&N | >24 | Q | 12 hour PA and nutrition class per academic school | ≤100 |
M male, F female, N total number of simple size, IG intervention group, CG control group, PA physical activity intervention, PA&N physical activity and nutrition intervention; -: unclear