Figure 5.

Effect of verbascoside on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the right substantia nigra of rats with Parkinson's disease (PD) (× 400).

(A) In the normal control group, there is a high density of TH-immunoreactive neurons in the right substantia nigra, seen as brown colored round/oval (majority) or polygon-shaped (minority) appearance. (B) In the sham-operated group, TH-immunoreactive neurons are the same as the control group. (C) In the PD group, TH-immunoreactive neurons are small in number and size. (D) In the verbascoside-treated group, there are more TH-immunoreactive neurons than in the PD group. (E) TH immunoreactivity is expressed as the number of TH-immunoreactive neurons (mean ± SD, n = 15) at 6 weeks after treatment for each group. One-way analysis of variance was used for inter-group comparison, and pairwise comparison was performed using the least significant difference test. *P < 0.01, vs. normal control and sham-operated groups; #P < 0.01, vs. PD group.