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. 2016 Feb 1;3(3):166–179. doi: 10.1002/acn3.293

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Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Neurological Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Soluble B‐cell‐related biomarkers corroborate robust and lasting depletion of blood B cells, but poor depletion of central nervous system B cells by rituximab (RTX) treatment. Concentration of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) (A), C‐X‐C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) (B), and soluble CD21 (sCD21) (C) were measured in coded samples (active‐treatment cohort: n = 14, placebo cohort: n = 9; placebo data not shown) using electrochemiluminescence assay. Red lines show median values of biomarkers at each follow‐up visit. Red and blue arrows show the timing of intravenous (IV) or intrathecal (IT) injection of RTX. Black brackets represent statistical significance (P < 0.05) based on adjusted P‐value (Dunnett's method). Concentrations of BAFF, CXCL13, and sCD21 were compared between baseline (average of visit Months ‐12 and 0) and each follow‐up visit (serum: Months 0.5, 0.53, 1.5, 1.53, 3, 12, and 12.03; CSF: Months 1.5, 3, and 12).