Table 3.

Uncorrected and bias corrected efficiency scores results from the first stage DEA with bootstrap.

		Model 1: No quality			Model 2: Quality as an output variable			Model 3: Quality as an input variable			Model 4: Structural quality as input and process quality as output
Uncorrected DEA scores	Bias corrected eff scores		Uncorrected DEA scores	Bias corrected eff scores		Uncorrected DEA scores	Bias corrected eff scores		Uncorrected DEA scores	Bias corrected eff scores
Year	N	Mean	Mean	SD	Mean	Mean	SD	Mean	Mean	SD	Mean	Mean	SD
Pooled	80	0.75	0.45	0.19	0.84	0.65	0.15	0.79	0.49	0.17	0.60	0.22	0.26
2009	40	0.68	0.42	0.19	0.79	0.62	0.16	0.74	0.46	0.19	0.67	0.34	0.20
2011	40	0.82	0.49	0.19	0.89	0.68	0.14	0.86	0.52	0.16	0.63	0.28	0.24