Table 4.

Determinants of technical efficiency.

Variables	Model 1 (No quality) β	Model 2 (quality as output) β	Model 3 (quality as input) β	Model 4 (structural quality -input/process quality – output) β
HIVSTIFAC	−0.014	−0.008	−0.0214	0.028
HIVSTI MCH	0.083*	0.050*	0.085**	0.095**
HIVSTICS	0.039	0.009	0.029	0.017
HIVSTIR	−0.096**	−0.085**	−0.078**	−0.046**
FUINT	−0.004	0.007	0.004	0.020
LN(POP)	0.004	−0.009	0.006	0.003
PROPHIV	−0.103	−0145*	−0.119	−0.035
PROPCS	−0.413**	−0.058	−0.345**	−0.070
PUBLIC	0.353**	0.161**	0.322***	0.069
Other facilities	0.190**	0.124**	0.158**	0.119**
RURAL	−0.062	−0.164***	−0.045	−0.038
Year2011	0.077*	0.069**	0.073**	0.0456**
Sigma	0.178***	0.135***	0.148***	0.157***
Log-likelihood	25.57	46.42	35.88	34.71
Mean VIF	2.81

Dependent variable: DEA bias-corrected efficiency scores from models 1–4.

^∗∗∗, ^∗∗,^∗ denote significance at 1%, 5% and 10% levels. Confidence intervals obtained from 1000 bootstrap interactions.