Table 1.
Patient and Tumor Characteristics of All Patients and According to Transfusion Status
| Non-matched | Non-matched | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate | All patients, n = 861 | No transfusion, n = 790 | Transfusion, n = 71 | p Value | No transfusion, n = 62 | Transfusion, n = 62 | Standardized Difference in %* |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 65.29 (11.02) | 65.08 (11.14) | 67.64 (9.26) | 0.103 | 66.97 (10.10) | 67.33 (8.83) | 3.79 |
| Mean BMI (SD) | 27.41 (5.55) | 26.58 (5.48) | 24.50 (5.95) | 0.002 | 25.86 (4.03) | 25.93 (6.14) | 1.24 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 394 (45.76) | 365 (46.2) | 29 (40.8) | 0.385 | - | - | |
| Female | 467 (54.25) | 425 (53.8) | 42 (59.2) | . | - | - | |
| ASA physical status | |||||||
| 1-2 | 96 (11.15) | 92 (11.6) | 4 (5.6) | 0.166 | 3(42.9%) | 4(57.1%) | 6.94 |
| 3-4 | 765 (88.85) | 698 (88.4) | 67 (94.4) | . | 59(50.4%) | 58(49.6%) | |
| Mean NLR (SD) | 2.67 (1.81) | 2.58 (1.61) | 3.65 (3.13) | 0.002 | 3.07 (2.53) | 3.08 (2.17) | 0.42 |
| NLR | |||||||
| < 5 | 805 (93.5) | 747 (94.6) | 58 (81.7) | <0.0001 | 53(49.5%) | 54(50.5%) | |
| ≥ 5 | 56 (6.5) | 43 (5.4) | 13 (18.3) | . | 9(52.9%) | 8(47.1%) | |
| Mean Hb concentration, g/dL (SD) | 13.43 (1.48) | 13.51 (1.42) | 12.51 (1.82) | <0.0001 | 12.79 (1.47) | 12.84 (1.59) | 3.15 |
| Preoperative anemia | |||||||
| Yes | 188 (21.84) | 159 (20.1) | 29 (40.8) | 0.0001 | - | - | |
| No | 673 (78.13) | 631 (79.9) | 42 (59.2) | . | - | - | |
| Histology adenocarcinoma | |||||||
| No | 360 (41.81) | 322 (40.8) | 38 (53.5) | 0.036 | 35 (52.2%) | 30 (52.6%) | 9.64 |
| Yes | 501 (58.19) | 468 (59.2) | 33 (46.5) | . | 27 (47.4%) | 32 (47.8%) | |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | |||||||
| No | 797 (92.57) | 734 (92.9) | 63 (88.7) | 0.198 | - | - | |
| Yes | 64 (7.43) | 56 (7.1) | 8 (11.3) | . | - | - | |
| Neoadjuvant radiation | |||||||
| No | 857 (99.54) | 787 (99.6) | 70 (98.6) | 0.291 | - | - | |
| Yes | 4 (0.46) | 3 (0.4) | 1 (1.4) | . | - | - | |
| Type of surgery | |||||||
| Thoracotomy | 557 (64.69) | 510 (64.6) | 47 (66.2) | 0.781 | 43 (51.2%) | 41 (48.8%) | 6.85 |
| Thoracoscopy | 304 (35.31) | 280 (35.4) | 24 (33.8) | . | 19 (47.5%) | 21 (52.5%) | |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | |||||||
| No | 89 (10.34) | 708 (89.6) | 64 (90.1) | 0.890 | - | - | |
| Yes | 772 (89.66) | 82 (10.4) | 7 (9.9) | . | - | - | |
| Adjuvant radiation | |||||||
| No | 22 (2.56) | 773 (97.8) | 66 (93) | 0.028 | - | - | |
| Yes | 839 (97.44) | 17 (2.2) | 5 (7) | . | - | - | |
| pRBC units | |||||||
| 0 | 790 (100) | 0 | 0.0001 | - | - | ||
| 1-3 | 0 | 56 (78.9) | . | - | - | ||
| 4-9 | 0 | 15 (21.1) | - | - | |||
Note: All data are no. of patients (%) unless otherwise specified. SD = standard deviation; BMI = body mass index; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; NLR = neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Hb = hemoglobin; pRBC = packed red blood cells.
*
The standardized differences for all covariates were <=10.84% in the post-matching cohort, suggesting substantial reduction of bias between the two groups.