Table 3.

Univariate Analysis of the Effects of Different Variables on 3- and 5-Year Overall Survival (OS) Rates

Variable	HR (95% CI)	3-Year OS rate (95% CI)	5-Year OS rate (95% CI)	p Value
All patients		0.87 (0.84-0.89)	0.78 (0.75-0.82)
Age, years (continuous)	1.05 (1.03-1.06)			< 0.0001
Age, years				< 0.0001
< 65		0.93 (0.9-0.96)	0.88 (0.84-0.92)
≥ 65		0.82 (0.78-0.86)	0.71 (0.67-0.76)
BMI (continuous)	0.97 (0.95-1.00)			0.157
BMI				0.254
≤ 25		0.86 (0.82-0.9)	0.76 (0.71-0.82)
> 25		0.87 (0.84-0.9)	0.8 (0.76-0.84)
Gender				< 0.0001
Male		0.81 (0.77-0.85)	0.7 (0.65-0.75)
Female		0.92 (0.89-0.94)	0.86 (0.82-0.9)
ASA physical status				0.011
1-2		0.98 (0.95-1)	0.93 (0.86-0.99)
3-4		0.85 (0.83-0.88)	0.77 (0.73-0.8)
Adenocarcinoma				0.088
No		0.83 (0.78-0.87)	0.75 (0.7-0.81)
Yes		0.89 (0.87-0.92)	0.81 (0.77-0.85)
Type of surgery				0.180
Thoracotomy		0.86 (0.83-0.89)	0.77 (0.73-0.81)
Thoracoscopy		0.89 (0.85-0.93)	0.83 (0.78-0.88)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy				0.112
No		0.87 (0.85-0.9)	0.79 (0.76-0.83)
Yes		0.78 (0.69-0.9)	0.69 (0.58-0.83)
Neoadjuvant radiation				0.824
No		0.87 (0.84-0.89)	0.78 (0.75-0.82)
Yes		0.75 (0.43-1)	0.75 (0.43-1)
Adjuvant chemotherapy				0.486
No		0.87 (0.84-0.89)	0.78 (0.75-0.82)
Yes		0.87 (0.81-0.95)	0.81 (0.73-0.9)
Adjuvant radiation				0.147
No		0.87 (0.84-0.89)	0.79 (0.76-0.82)
Yes		0.77 (0.62-0.97)	0.58 (0.38-0.86)
NLR (continuous)	1.16 (1.1-1.22)			< 0.0001
NLR				< 0.0001
< 5		0.88 (0.85-0.9)	0.8 (0.77-0.83)
≥ 5		0.7 (0.58-0.84)	0.56 (0.43-0.72)
Hb (continuous)	0.87 (0.79-0.96)			0.005
Preoperative anemia				0.0001
Yes		0.78 (0.72-0.85)	0.64 (0.57-0.73)
No		0.89 (0.86-0.92)	0.82 (0.79-0.86)
Blood transfusion				0.0001
No		0.88 (0.85-0.9)	0.8 (0.77-0.83)
Yes		0.73 (0.63-0.84)	0.61 (0.49-0.75)

HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; BMI = body mass index; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; NLR = neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Hb: hemoglobin.