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. 2016 Mar 2;3:16001. doi: 10.1038/mtm.2016.1

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Copyright © 2016 Official journal of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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Green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression following infection with the conditionally replicating Ads in the tumor cells undergoing TGF-β–induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). (a) Cell morphology images of PANC-1 cells cultured in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β for 6 days were taken using a phase-contrast microscope. The images shown are representative of multiple experiments. Bar = 75 µm. (b) mRNA levels of EMT marker genes in PANC-1 cells undergoing EMT. The ratios of EMT marker genes to GAPDH were determined. The ratios in PANC-1 cells without TGF-β treatment were normalized to 1. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). (c) Surface expression levels of coxsackievirus–adenovirus receptor (CAR) and CD46 on PANC-1 cells undergoing EMT. The data shown are representative of multiple experiments. (d) GFP expression levels in PANC-1 cells undergoing EMT following infection with the conditionally replicating Ads. PANC-1 cells were infected with the conditionally replicating Ads at MOIs of 1 and 10. GFP expression levels were determined by flow cytometry 24 hours after infection. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3).