Table I -.
Patient cohort demographics
| Demographics | Cohort | Group 1 (+) | Group 2 (−) | Controls (o) | p-Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Carvedilol | Metoprolol | Carvedilol | Metoprolol | Carvedilol | Metoprolol | Carvedilol | Metoprolol | ||
| The patients are diagnosed with noninsulin-dependent diabetes, and are arrhythmia free. Three subgroups include patients for whom a single beta-blocker was introduced (+), discontinued (−) or not changed (o) immediately following a baseline study. The patients were assessed again an average of 4.1 months later upon follow-up. The beta-blockers studied were Carvedilol or Metoprolol. Mean HR (bpm) changes are abbreviated as “ΔmHR.” Systolic and diastolic BP (mmHg) changes are abbreviated as “ΔsBP” and “ΔdBP,” respectively. Average values are included with standard deviations, indicated with the “±” symbol. See text for discussion. | ||||||||||
| Total N | 147 | 58 | 89 | 30 | 39 | 12 | 36 | 16 | 14 | 0.1519 |
| #Female | 89 60.5% | 29 50.0% | 58 65.2% | 19 63.3% | 26 66.7% | 8 66.7% | 27 75.0% | 9 55.0% | 8 58.6% | 0.0037 |
| Mean age (yrs) | 61.8 ± 12.6 | 57.6 ± 13.0 | 66.7 ± 14.0 | 51.7 ± 7.4 | 67.3 ± 12.2 | 57.5 ± 8.0 | 68.3 ± 11.3 | 63.7 ± 8.5 | 64.4 ± 13.1 | 0.0882 |
| Height (in) | 64.8 ± 6.4 | 64.3 ± 11.7 | 65.3 ± 12.1 | 65.8 ± 9.2 | 67.4 ± 10.8 | 63.6 ± 12.3 | 64.6 ±12.3 | 63.3 ± 13.1 | 64.0 ± 14.8 | 0.0288 |
| Weight (#) | 166.7 ± 27.9 | 173.3 ± 26.6 | 160.0 ± 21.8 | 176.8 ± 17.9 | 177.9 ± 21.6 | 172.9 ± 16.9 | 152.4 ± 25.9 | 170.3 ± 18.0 | 149.8 ± 23.6 | 0.1031 |
| HTN | 38 25.9% | 12 20.7% | 25 28.1% | 10 33.3% | 13 33.3% | 2 16.7% | 10 27.8% | 5 31.3% | 6 42.9% | 0.0973 |
| CVD | 29 19.7% | 15 25.9% | 22 24.7% | 5 16.7% | 7 17.9% | 6 50.0% | 9 25.0% | 4 25.0% | 6 42.9% | 0.0099 |
| Arrhythmics | 36 24.5% | 15 25.9% | 25 28.1% | 8 26.7% | 11 28.2% | 4 33.3% | 10 27.8% | 5 31.3% | 6 42.9% | 0.0594 |
| sBP (mmHg) | 125.2 ± 6.9 | 125.5 ± 19.1 | 123.2 ± 24.7 | 129.3 ± 16.7 | 125.8 ± 20.7 | 122.3 ± 19.9 | 120.7 ± 26.3 | 125.0 ± 20.6 | 123.3 ± 22.3 | 0.0337 |
| dBP (mmHg) | 69.4 ± 13.4 | 71.2 ± 12.4 | 68.4 ± 14.5 | 74.0 ± 9.9 | 73.3 ± 17.9 | 69.8 ± 4.6 | 67.3 ± 16.7 | 70.0 ± 19.7 | 64.5 ± 10.5 | 0.0893 |
| mHR (bpm) | 73.3 ± 4.7 | 72.1 ± 9.0 | 67.4 ± 10.0 | 75.4 ± 11.7 | 71.9 ± 13.4 | 73.9 ± 13.9 | 68.1 ± 9.3 | 67.0 ± 12.6 | 62.0 ± 13.4 | 0.0090 |