Table 3. Factors associated with viral load suppression <400 at 12 months after initiating ART.
| No. of cases | No. of cases | No. of | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| with VL suppression | without VL suppression | cases | OR | p | OR | p | 95%CI | |
| Total | 2410(89.29) | 289(10.71) | 2699 | |||||
| HBsAg testing | ||||||||
| Negative | 1739 (72.16) | 210 (72.66) | 1949(72.21) | |||||
| Positive | 217 (9.00) | 21 (7.27) | 238(8.82) | 1.33 | 0.25 | 1.61 | 0.07 | (0.96,2.69) |
| Not tested | 454 (18.84) | 58 (20.07) | 512(18.97) | 0.96 | 0.82 | 1.08 | 0.73 | (0.70,1.68) |
| HCV antibody testing | ||||||||
| Negative | 1620 (67.22) | 196 (67.82) | 1816(67.28) | |||||
| Positive | 132 (5.48) | 19 (6.57) | 151(5.59) | 0.82 | 0.43 | 0.85 | 0.55 | (0.49,1.47) |
| Not tested | 658 (27.30) | 74 (25.61) | 732(27.12) | 1.13 | 0.39 | 1.1 | 0.65 | (0.74,1.64) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1768 (73.36) | 226 (78.20) | 1994(73.88) | |||||
| Female | 640 (26.56) | 62 (21.45) | 702(26.01) | 1.31 | 0.08 | 1.13 | 0.48 | (0.81,1.58) |
| Change | 2 (0.08) | 1 (0.35) | 3(0.11) | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.4 | (0.03,4.21) |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| ≦30 | 485 (20.12) | 79 (27.34) | 564(20.90) | |||||
| 31–50 | 1635 (67.84) | 186 (64.36) | 1821(67.47) | 1.42 | 0.02 | 1.68 | 0.0009 | (1.24,2.28) |
| >50 | 290 (12.03) | 24 (8.30) | 314(11.63) | 1.88 | 0.01 | 2.27 | 0.0015 | (1.37,3.77) |
| Mode of infection | ||||||||
| Heterosexual contact | 1470 (61.00) | 166 (57.44) | 1636(60.62) | |||||
| Homosexual contact | 661 (27.43) | 77 (26.64) | 738(27.34) | 0.98 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 0.79 | (0.67,1.35) |
| Other | 279 (11.58) | 46 (15.92) | 325(12.04) | 0.68 | 0.03 | 0.66 | 0.04 | (0.44,0.97) |
| CDC stage | ||||||||
| CDC A | 1323 (54.90) | 134 (46.37) | 1457(53.98) | |||||
| CDC B | 297 (12.32) | 24 (8.30) | 321(11.89) | 1.18 | 0.49 | 1.26 | 0.36 | (0.77,2.05) |
| CDC C | 790 (32.78) | 131 (45.33) | 921(34.12) | 0.6 | 0.0001 | 0.75 | 0.07 | (0.55,1.02) |
| Baseline CD4 count | ||||||||
| ≦50 | 652 (27.05) | 110 (38.06) | 762(28.23) | |||||
| 51–200 | 908 (37.68) | 106 (36.68) | 1014(37.57) | 1.44 | 0.01 | 1.26 | 0.15 | (0.92,1.73) |
| 201–350 | 666 (27.63) | 48 (16.61) | 714(26.45) | 2.32 | < .0001 | 1.92 | 0.0021 | (1.27,2.90) |
| 351–500 | 128 (5.31) | 15 (5.19) | 143(5.30) | 1.56 | 0.15 | 1.65 | 0.15 | (0.84,3.22) |
| ≧501 | 56 (2.32) | 10 (3.46) | 66(2.45) | 0.89 | 0.74 | 0.97 | 0.94 | (0.43,2.17) |
| Baseline HIV viral load | ||||||||
| 40–20000 | 581 (24.11) | 61 (21.11) | 642(23.79) | |||||
| 20001–80000 | 579 (24.02) | 63 (21.80) | 642(23.79) | 1 | 0.99 | 0.81 | 0.31 | (0.54,1.22) |
| 80001–200000 | 526 (21.83) | 72 (24.91) | 598(22.16) | 0.79 | 0.21 | 0.6 | 0.01 | (0.39,0.90) |
| >200000 | 724 (30.04) | 93 (32.18) | 817(30.27) | 0.86 | 0.38 | 0.69 | 0.07 | (0.46,1.03) |
| ARV type | ||||||||
| ARV1 | 1779 (75.61) | 167 (59.43) | 1946(73.88) | |||||
| ARV2 | 574 (24.39) | 114 (40.57) | 688(26.12) | 0.47 | < .0001 | 0.55 | < .0001 | (0.41,0.73) |
| Prior mono/dual ARV | ||||||||
| No | 2181 (90.50) | 209 (72.32) | 2390(88.55) | |||||
| Yes | 229 (9.50) | 80 (27.68) | 309(11.45) | 0.26 | < .0001 | 0.28 | < .0001 | (0.19,0.39) |
| HIV-1 subtype | ||||||||
| B | 116 (4.81) | 21 (7.27) | 137(5.08) | |||||
| 01AE | 44 (1.83) | 10 (3.46) | 54(2.00) | 0.77 | 0.54 | 0.9 | 0.82 | (0.36,2.28) |
| 07BC | 2 (0.08) | 0 (0.00) | 2(0.07) | >999.999 | 0.98 | >999.999 | 0.98 | (0.001,>999.999) |
| C | 2 (0.08) | 2 (0.69) | 4(0.15) | 0.18 | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.04 | (0.02,0.94) |
| Not tested | 2246 (93.20) | 256 (88.58) | 2502(92.70) | 1.62 | 0.06 | 1.16 | 0.59 | (0.67,2.00) |
ARV1: antiretroviral regimen containing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor + non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, ARV2: antiretroviral regimen containing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor + protease inhibitor