Larger stomatal aperture is correlated with more severe cellulose deficiency in guard cells. A, Average stomatal apertures in approximately 3-week-old rosette leaves of Columbia-0 (Col-0), cesa3je5, cesa3eli1-1, and cesa6prc1-1 after light treatment for 2.5 h. Error bars indicate se, and lowercase letters represent significantly different groups (n ≥ 40 guard cell pairs per genotype; P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test). B, Cellulose content measurements by the Updegraff method in 23-d-old rosette leaves of Col-0, cesa3je5, cesa3eli1-1, and cesa6prc1-1. Error bars indicate se, and lowercase letters represent significantly different groups (n ≥ 9 technical replicates from two biological replicates; P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test). C, Quantifications of S4B fluorescence intensity in guard cells of Col-0, cesa3je5, cesa3eli1-1, and cesa6prc1-1. Error bars indicate se, and lowercase letters represent significantly different groups (n ≥ 69 guard cells per genotype; P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test). D, Quantifications of CBM3a immunolabeling fluorescence intensity in guard cells of Col-0, cesa3je5, cesa3eli1-1, and cesa6prc1-1. Error bars indicate se, and lowercase letters represent significantly different groups (n ≥ 30 guard cells per genotype; P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test). AFU, Arbitrary fluorescence units.