Table 1.

Mammalian pathogens that express proteins that interfere with host autophagosome biogenesis or function.

Domain	Pathogen	Host	Effector	Activity	Refs
Virus	HIV virus	human	Nef1	Inhibits host autophagy	Campbell et al., 2015
	CMV virus	human	Trs1	Inhibits host autophagy	Chaumorcel et al., 2012
	Dengue virus	mammal	NS4A	Upregulation of autophagy	McLean et al., 2011
Bacteria	Legionella	mammal	RavZ	Cleaves an Atg8 protein from pre-autophagosomes	Choy et al., 2012; Horenkamp et al., 2015
	Coxiella	mammal	Cig2	Disrupts interactions between acidic compartments and host autophagosomes	Newton et al., 2014
	Salmonella	mammal	SseL	Inhibits selective autophagy of cytosolic aggregates	Mesquita et al., 2012
	Anaplasma phagocytophilum	mammal	Ats-1	Hijacks a pathway that activates autophagy to promote its growth inside cells	Niu et al., 2012
	Vibrio parahemolyticus	mammal	VopQ	Creates pores in acidic compartments in host cells	Sreelatha et al., 2013
Eukaryote	Phytophthora	plant	PexRD54	Inappropriately activates the formation of autophagosomes	Dagdas et al., 2016