Intra-RMTg AMPA injection decreases ethanol seeking. AMPA was administered 10 minutes before the start of the ethanol-drinking session. AMPA (16.8 ng/300 nl/side, 0.3 mM), decreased the number of active lever pressing, but not inactive lever pressing during the 30-min test session (A). The data analysis within 30 mins (bin= 5 min) revealed that AMPA significantly decreased the active lever pressing during the initial 10 mins (B). AMPA injection also reduced the number of head entries into the ethanol port (C) as well as ethanol intake (D). Values are mean ± S.E.M. (one-way or two-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni, Fisher LSD test or Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test; n=8). * p < 0.05 and *** p<0.001, there was a significant difference compared with Baseline, aCSF injection or 24 h post-test., n=8.