Table 5.

Replication of Known Associations between Clinical Variables and Speckle-Tracking Parameters

Clinical variable	Sex	Longitudinal strain						Early diastolic (e′) velocity*
		Dalen, et al.			HyperGEN			Dalen, et al.			HyperGEN
		N	% Change/SD (95% CI)†	P	N	% Change/SD (95% CI)	P	N	% Change/SD (95% CI)	P	N	% Change/SD (95% CI)	P
Age	Women	663	−3.9 (−4.9, −2.9)	<0.001	1255	−0.7 (−2.0, 0.5)	0.23	663	−22 (−24, −21)	<0.001	1255	−18 (−20, −16)	<0.001
	Men	603	−3.1 (−4.3, −1.9)	<0.001	895	−3.4 (−4.9, −1.8)	<0.001	603	−21 (−22, −19)	<0.001	895	−18 (−20, −16)	<0.001
Body-mass index	Women	647	−3.1 (−4.1, −2.1)	<0.001	1226	−1.2 (−2.3, −0.1)	0.029	647	−4.4 (−5.8, −2.9)	<0.001	1226	−0.8 (−2.4, 0.8)	0.35
	Men	594	−3.9 (−5.1, −2.8)	<0.001	886	−2.5 (−4.6, −0.5)	0.018	594	−6.7 (−8.4, −5.0)	<0.001	886	−2.8 (−5.4, −0.2)	0.033
Systolic blood pressure	Women	610	−3.0 (−4.1, −1.8)	<0.001	1222	−2.7 (−3.8, −1.5)	<0.001	610	−5.9 (−7.6, −4.3)	<0.001	1222	−2.7 (−4.4, −1.0)	0.002
	Men	565	−2.4 (−3.7, −1.1)	<0.001	884	−1.7 (−3.3, 0.0)	0.044	565	−5.4 (−7.2, −3.5)	<0.001	884	−4.4 (−6.4, −2.4)	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure	Women	610	−2.5 (−3.6, −1.4)	<0.001	1222	−3.6 (−4.8, −2.4)	<0.001	610	−6.0 (−7.5, −4.4)	<0.001	1222	−4.4 (−6.2, −2.7)	<0.001
	Men	565	−5.2 (−6.4, −4.0)	<0.001	884	−1.4 (−2.9, 0.1)	0.076	565	−9.0 (−10.6, −7.3)	<0.001	884	−4.7 (−6.6, −2.8)	<0.001
Non-HDL cholesterol	Women	640	−2.2 (−3.4, −1.0)	<0.001	1210	−1.7 (−3.0, −0.5)	0.005	640	−2.1 (−3.9, −0.4)	0.02	1210	−2.6 (−4.3, −0.8)	0.004
	Men	591	−2.3 (−3.6, −1.0)	<0.001	877	−0.4 (−1.9, 1.1)	0.58	591	−4.4 (−6.3, −2.6)	<0.001	877	−1.3 (−3.1, 0.6)	0.18
HDL cholesterol	Women	640	2.1 (1.0, 3.2)	<0.001	1210	1.7 (0.5, 2.9)	0.006	640	1.5 (−0.1, 3.1)	0.06	1210	2.1 (0.5, 3.8)	0.012
	Men	591	3.5 (2.2, 4.7)	<0.001	879	2.1 (0.2, 3.9)	0.029	591	4.4 (2.6, 6.3)	<0.001	879	2.2 (−0.1, 4.4)	0.063
Glomerular filtration rate	Women	495	−0.3 (−1.6, 1.1)	0.67	1210	0.2 (−1.2, 1.6)	0.79	495	0.5 (−1.4, 2.4)	0.60	1210	2.1 (0.1, 4.2)	0.04
	Men	477	2.1 (0.6, 3.7)	0.006	877	1.0 (−0.8, 2.8)	0.27	477	3.5 (1.3, 5.7)	0.002	877	1.0 (−1.3, 3.2)	0.39
Glucose	Women	640	−0.9 (−2.0, 0.2)	0.10	1210	−2.9 (−4.3, −1.6)	<0.001	640	−2.6 (−4.2, −1.0)	0.001	1210	−2.8 (−5.6, −0.1)	0.046
	Men	591	−1.1 (−2.6, 0.4)	0.16	877	−1.7 (−3.6, −0.1)	0.042	591	−0.7 (−2.9, 1.5)	0.51	877	−2.9 (−5.0, −0.8)	0.006

^*The average of septal and lateral e′ tissue velocities was used as the dependent variable in the HyperGEN analyses.

^†Values represent percent change in left ventricular function parameter per standard deviation increase in clinical variable. All regression analyses for associations with clinical variables (except for age) were adjusted for age, as was done in the study by Dalen et al.

SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence interval; HDL = high-density lipoprotein