Table 2.

Factors associated in a multivariable model with the middle and highest tertiles of HOMA-IR over the 10 year study period.

Effect	Middle Tertile of HOMA-IR		Highest Tertile of HOMA-IR
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P-value
HIV-infection	1.49 (1.23–1.81)	<0.001	2.46 (1.89–3.21)	<0.001
HCV-infection	1.27 (0.85–1.92)	0.24	2.20 (1.34–3.64)	0.002
Age (per 1 year change)	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	0.003	1.02 (1.01–1.04)	0.003
Race (Non-Hispanic White vs. Other)	0.93 (0.75–1.15)	0.51	0.67 (0.50–0.89)	0.006
Current vs. never smoking	0.96 (0.76–1.22)	0.75	0.95 (0.70–1.30)	0.76
Former vs. never smoking	0.97 (0.78–1.21)	0.79	0.95 (0.72–1.27)	0.75
BMI (per 1 kg/m2 change)	1.16 (1.13–1.19)	<0.001	1.33 (1.29–1.37)	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (per 10 mmHg)	1.08 (1.02–1.14)	0.006	1.11 (1.04–1.19)	0.001
Anti-hypertensive use	1.24 (1.02–1.51)	0.029	1.47 (1.18–1.84)	<0.001
Total cholesterol (per 5mg/dL)	1.01 (1.00–1.02)	0.047	1.01 (1.00–1.02)	0.14
HDL cholesterol (per 5mg/dL)	0.89 (0.87–0.92)	<0.001	0.88 (0.84–0.91)	<0.001
Lipid-lowering therapy use	1.31 (1.08–1.58)	0.005	1.43 (1.14–1.78)	0.002

The highest and middle tertiles are compared to the lowest tertile. Covariates were measured at the time of the HOMA-IR determination.

BMI = Body Mass Index, HCV = Hepatitis C Virus, HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HDL = High-density lipoprotein