Table 3.

Summary statistics (syndromic)

	Endoscopic (n=10)	Open (n=23)	p Value
Syndromes	chromosomal deletions, Goldenhar, Crouzon, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Saethre-Chotzen, DiGeorge, Down, VATER, CDAGS
Age at surgery (months) †*	3.8 ± 1.3	41.4 ± 58.3	0.005
Pre-placed shunt	1	4	0.521
Number of sutures	Single (4); Double (5); ≥3 (1)	Single (11); Double (6); ≥3 (5)	0.626
Scalpel : Bovie	5 : 3	5 : 12	0.444
EBL (cc)*	42.8 ± 29.6	488.0 ± 421.2	<0.001
EBV (cc)*	461.3 ± 65.3	1226.3 ± 1139.3	0.005
EBL/EBV ratio (%)*	8.2 ± 6.1	44.2 ± 23.3	<0.001
IV steroids	2	5	0.694
TXA	1	2	0.582
Procedure length (minutes)*	129.7 ± 99.7	325.6 ± 130.5	0.001
Length of stay (days)*	1.4 ± 0.7	3.6 ± 1.3	<0.001
Surgical complications	0	2	0.510
Intraoperative durotomies	1	7	0.256
Medical complications	0	1	0.719
Length of follow-up (months)	36.8 ± 26.2 (range: 2.3 – 74.9)	36.9 ± 28.5 (range: 0.1 – 113.6)	0.760

Level of significance: 0.00341

^*Values expressed as means ± one standard deviation.

^†See age distributions in Fig. 1.

EBL = estimated blood loss, EBV = estimated blood volume, TXA = tranexamic acid.