Table 3.

Results for Key Independent Variable, Center Rurality^‡

	Logistic Regressions				OLS Regression				Negative Binomial
	b	s.e	o.r.		b	s.e	B		b	s.e	exp(b)
Structural Characteristics
Percent Counselors with MA or Higher
Rural					−7.852	3.637	−0.089	*
Physician on Staff
Rural	−0.252	0.358	0.778
Medical Nurse on Staff
Rural	0.975	0.304	2.652	**
For-profit Status
Rural	−0.501	0.296	0.606
Primarily Publicly Funded
Rural	0.828	0.262	2.288	**
Treatment Quality Indicators
Pharmacotherapy
Buprenorphine
Rural	−0.901	0.387	0.406	*
Acamprosate
Rural	0.466	0.371	1.594
Injectable Naltrexone
Rural	−0.776	0.616	0.460
Tablet Naltrexone
Rural	0.649	0.400	1.914
Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Rural	0.579	0.453	1.784
Contingency Management
Rural	−0.044	0.257	0.956
Motivational Enhancement Therapy
Rural	−0.382	0.233	0.683
Wraparound Services
NIDA Wraparound Scale
Rural									−0.157	0.057	0.854	**
Continuing Care
Aftercare
Rural	0.395	0.236	1.485
Specialized Treatment/Levels of Care
Adolescent Treatment Track
Rural	0.828	0.238	2.289	***
Female Treatment Track
Rural	0.146	0.249	1.157
Other Specialized Track Scale
Rural									−0.319	0.129	0.727	*
Levels of Care Scale
Rural									−0.132	0.076	0.876	†
Assessment
Addiction Severity Index
Rural	0.063	0.238	1.065
Self Help/Peer Support
Twelve Step Meetings Held Onsite
Rural	−0.221	0.262	0.801

N=591

^***p<.001;

^**p<.01;

^*p<.05;

^†p<.10

^‡each model controls for all quality indicators and organizational controls; coefficients for these variables are not shown