Table 1.

The role of NGAL in the natural history of AAA

Author	Year	Study	Results
Ramos-Mozo [17]	2012	Increased plasma levels of NGAL, a marker of neutrophil activation, in patients with AAA	• Releases from PMNs and by the luminal part of AAA thrombus • could be a surrogate marker of the thrombus biological activity • is increased in AAA patients(p < 0.001) • correlated with retrospective AAA growth(p < 0.01)
Houard [23, 32]	2009	Mediators of NGAL, neutrophil recruitment in human AAA	• In complex with MMP-9 is found in higher amounts in AAA patients • does not correlate with either maximal aortic diameter or maximal ILT thickness (p = 0.8 and 0.2 respectively)
Folkesson [25]	2007	Presence of NGAL/MMP-9 complexes in human AAA	• NGAL/MMP-9 complexes is present in AAA and thrombus • NGAL could enhance the proteolytic activity associated with AAA
Swedenborg [31]	2006	ILT as a source of proteolytic activity.	• The bind between NGAL and MMP-9 may lead to further degradation of AAA wall and increase the risk of rupture