Table 1.
Viremia titers and antibody responses in birds and mammals experimentally inoculated with chikungunya virus
| Species | Virus strain | Number tested | Number viremic (range of peak viremia*) | Percentage PRNT positive at 14 DPI | PRNT90 antibody titer range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamster | SAH2123 | 5 | 3 (2.3–5.5) | 0 | < 10 |
| Mesocricetus auratus | COM2005 | 5 | 4 (2.3–2.9) | 0 | < 10 |
| C57BL/6 mouse | SAH2123 | 8 | 2 (2–2.6) | 0 | < 10 |
| Mus musculus | COM2005 | 8 | 1 (2.7) | 0 | < 10 |
| Big brown bat† | SAH2123 | 7 | 4 (1.5–5.5) | 50 | 20 |
| Eptesicus fuscus | COM2005 | 7 | 3 (2.6–3.7) | 0 | < 10 |
| Horse | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 20–80 |
| Equus caballus | COM2005 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 50 | 40 |
| Calf | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 10–20 |
| Bos taurus | COM2005 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 20 |
| Goat | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 20 |
| Capra aegagrus hircus | |||||
| Pig | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 40 |
| Sus scrofa domesticus | COM2005 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 10–40 |
| Dog | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 50 | 10–20 |
| Canis lupus familiaris | |||||
| Rabbit | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 40–80 |
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | COM2005 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 40–160 |
| Mink | SAH2123 | 3 | 0 (< 1.0) | 0 | < 10 |
| Neovison vison | |||||
| Armadillo | SAH2123 | 3 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 10–40 |
| Dasypus novemcinctus | |||||
| Raccoon | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 20–40 |
| Procyon lotor | COM2005 | 2 | 0 (< 1.0) | 100 | 20–40 |
| Chicken | SAH2123 | 3 | 0 (< 2.0) | 67 | 10–20 |
| Gallus gallus domesticus | COM2005 | 3 | 0 (< 2.0) | 67 | 10 |
| Mallard | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 2.0) | 50 | 10 |
| Anas platyrhynchos | COM2005 | 2 | 0 (< 2.0) | 0 | < 10 |
| Red-winged blackbird | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 2.0) | 0 | < 10 |
| Agelaius phoeniceus | COM2005 | 2 | 0 (< 2.0) | 0 | < 10 |
| Double-crested cormorant | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 2.0) | 0 | < 10 |
| Phalacrocorax auritus | COM2005 | 3 | 0 (< 2.0) | 0 | < 10 |
| American white pelican | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 2.0) | 50 | 20 |
| Pelecanus erythrorhynchus | COM2005 | 2 | 0 (< 2.0) | 50 | 10 |
| House sparrow | SAH2123 | 4 | 0 (< 2.0) | 0 | < 10 |
| Passer domesticus | COM2005 | 4 | 0 (< 2.0) | 0 | < 10 |
| Rock pigeon | SAH2123 | 3 | 0 (< 2.0) | 0 | < 10 |
| Columba livia | COM2005 | 2 | 0 (< 2.0) | 0 | < 10 |
| Ring-billed gull | SAH2123 | 2 | 0 (< 2.0) | 50 | 10 |
| Larus delawarensis | |||||
| Cattle egret | SAH2123 | 3 | 0 (< 2.0) | 33 | 10 |
| Bubulcus ibis | COM2005 | 2 | 0 (< 2.0) | 0 | < 10 |
DPI = days postinoculation; PRNT = plaque reduction neutralization tests.
*
Peak viremia titer is in log10 plaque-forming units/mL serum.
†
Five bats per virus strain were used to assess viremia; seroconversion was assayed in two additional bats per virus strain.