Table 4.

Predictors for diarrhea among children under 5 years of age in the SMI, 2011–2013

	Univariable (N = 14,500)		Multivariable (N = 14,406)
	RR	95% CI	aRR	95% CI
Child's age (months)
0–5	1.00	Ref	1.00	Ref
6–23	1.48	1.13–1.94**	1.49	1.15–1.95**
24–35	1.05	0.80–1.39	1.10	0.84–1.45
36–59	0.64	0.48–0.85**	0.69	0.53–0.91**
Male child	1.15	1.01–1.29*	1.15	1.02–1.29*
Firstborn child	1.49	1.25–1.77**	1.11	0.93–1.32
Mother's age (years)	0.97	0.96–0.98**	0.98	0.97–0.99**
Highest level of education attained
None	1.00	Ref
Primary	0.97	0.80–1.17
Secondary	1.10	0.89–1.35
High school or higher	1.05	0.84–1.32
Mother is literate	1.24	1.08–1.43**
Mother is a housewife	1.04	0.81–1.34
Urban resident	1.03	0.87–1.22
Household asset index
Low	1.00	Ref
Medium	1.09	0.93–1.27
High	1.05	0.85–1.30
Source of water
Tap	1.00	Ref
Borewell	0.88	0.45–1.73
Other well or spring	1.11	0.92–1.34
Other	0.82	0.63–1.07
Water treatment
Drinking water is treated	0.96	0.80–1.16
Boil water†	0.89	0.76–1.05
Chlorinate water†	1.13	0.84–1.53
Filter water†	0.97	0.40–2.36
Other water treatment†	1.24	0.98–1.57	1.38	1.07–1.76*
Toilet type
Flush/pour flush toilet	0.90	0.76–1.07	0.96	0.82–1.12
Latrine/toilet with hole	1.00	Ref	1.00	Ref
Dry toilet	1.16	0.79–1.70	1.22	0.80–1.87
No toilet	1.07	0.82–1.39	1.02	0.79–1.31
Other	0.47	0.31–0.73**	0.42	0.26–0.69**
Toilet is shared with other homes‡	1.17	0.93–1.48
Country
Guatemala	1.00	Ref	1.00	Ref
Mexico	0.77	0.65–0.91**	0.77	0.64–0.93**
Nicaragua	1.02	0.79–1.30	0.99	0.78–1.26
Panama	0.70	0.50–0.97*	1.01	0.70–1.46
El Salvador	0.95	0.80–1.13	0.92	0.77–1.10

aRR = adjusted relative risk; CI = confidence interval; Ref = reference; RR = relative risk; SMI = Salud Mesoamérica Initiative.

^*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

^†Participants could select more than one type of water treatment.

^‡Only asked of those who had some type of toilet.