Table 3.
Association between household-level indicators of SEP and the HBR in 100 households in Nagongera, Uganda
| Characteristic | HBR* | Crude IRR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted IRR (95% CI)† | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wealth index | |||||
| Wealth Index I | |||||
| Poorest tertile | 41.5 (1,136) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Middle tertile | 34.4 (1,132) | 0.86 (0.65–1.13) | 0.27 | 0.88 (0.68–1.14) | 0.34 |
| Highest tertile | 28.8 (1,110) | 0.71 (0.54–0.93) | 0.01 | 0.75 (0.56–1.02) | 0.06 |
| Continuous score‡ | – | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) | 0.03 | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.22 |
| Wealth Index II | |||||
| Poorest tertile | 40.8 (1,124) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Middle tertile | 35.8 (1,173) | 0.90 (0.68–1.18) | 0.44 | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 0.58 |
| Highest tertile | 27.9 (1,081) | 0.69 (0.52–0.91) | 0.008 | 0.67 (0.49–0.92) | 0.01 |
| Continuous score‡ | – | 0.79 (0.71–0.89) | < 0.001 | 0.80 (0.69–0.91) | 0.001 |
| Income | |||||
| Total income from agriculture in past 12 months (UGX) | |||||
| < 100,000 | 37.0 (1,291) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| 100,000 to < 300,000 | 29.3 (1,142) | 0.80 (0.61–1.04) | 0.10 | 0.77 (0.59–1.01) | 0.06 |
| ≥ 300,000 | 40.0 (910) | 1.05 (0.79–1.40) | 0.72 | 1.16 (0.86–1.58) | 0.34 |
| Remittances received in the past 12 months | |||||
| No | 37.0 (2,872) | 1 | 1 | 1 | – |
| Yes | 23.0 (506) | 0.63 (0.46–0.86) | 0.004 | 0.67 (0.47–0.96) | 0.03 |
| Occupation | |||||
| Primary occupation of the household head | |||||
| Agriculture, unskilled, or cannot work | 35.3 (2,431) | 1 | 1 | 1 | – |
| Skilled | 34.1 (947) | 0.95 (0.74–1.24) | 0.72 | 0.98 (0.71–1.34) | 0.89 |
| Main source of household income | |||||
| Agriculture or unskilled | 36.8 (2,690) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Skilled | 30.0 (544) | 0.82 (0.60–1.13) | 0.23 | 0.83 (0.57–1.23) | 0.36 |
| Remittances or other | 19.2 (144) | 0.53 (0.30–0.95) | 0.03 | 0.80 (0.42–1.50) | 0.48 |
CI = confidence interval; HBR = human biting rate; IRR = incidence rate ratio; SEP = socioeconomic position; UGX = Ugandan shilling.
HBR: total female Anopheles/total collection nights. Total collection nights are shown in brackets.
IRR adjusted for categorical Wealth Index I and all other SEP indicators, excluding all other wealth index variables. IRRs for the categorical Wealth Index II and continuous Wealth Indices I and II variables were adjusted for all other indicators of SEP, excluding all other wealth index variables.
Standardized wealth index scores were created by subtracting mean index scores and dividing by the standard deviation.