Skip to main content
. 2016 Mar 2;94(3):650–658. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0554

Table 5.

Association between indicators of SEP and malaria incidence in children aged 6 months to 10 years in Nagongera, Uganda

Characteristic Malaria incidence* Crude IRR (95% CI) P Adjusted IRR (95% CI) P
Mean age during follow-up
 6 months to < 3 years 4.1 (134) 1 1
 3 to < 5 years 4.2 (177) 1.01 (0.85–1.19) 0.93 0.99 (0.82–1.20) 0.96
 5 to < 11 years 2.3 (491) 0.54 (0.46–0.65) < 0.001 0.54 (0.46–0.65) < 0.001
Gender
 Female 2.7 (361) 1 1
 Male 3.2 (441) 1.13 (0.97–1.32) 0.12 1.14 (0.97–1.35) 0.11
Wealth index
 Wealth Index I
  Poorest 3.0 (258) 1 1
  Middle 3.1 (280) 1.12 (0.90–1.40) 0.31 1.16 (0.93–1.43) 0.18
  Highest 2.9 (241) 1.05 (0.83–1.34) 0.68 1.08 (0.86–1.37) 0.51
  Continuous score§ 0.95 (0.86–1.06) 0.35 0.96 (0.88–1.06) 0.46
 Wealth Index II
  Poorest 3.2 (264) 1 1
  Middle 2.9 (289) 1.03 (0.83–1.29) 0.77 1.10 (0.90–1.35) 0.33
  Highest 2.9 (226) 1.00 (0.78–1.27) 0.98 1.04 (0.80–1.36) 0.75
  Continuous score§ 0.95 (0.84–1.07) 0.38 0.97 (0.86–1.10) 0.67
Income
 Total income from agriculture in the past 12 months (UGX)
  < 100,000 3.1 (283) 1 1
  100,000 to < 300,000 2.5 (270) 0.84 (0.66–1.06) 0.14 0.79 (0.62–1.00) 0.05
  ≥ 300,000 3.5 (215) 1.13 (0.90–1.42) 0.29 1.11 (0.88–1.40) 0.37
 Remittances received in the past 12 months
  No 3.1 (679) 1 1
  Yes 2.6 (100) 0.88 (0.65–1.20) 0.42 1.10 (0.76–1.57) 0.62
Occupation
 Primary occupation of the household head
  Agriculture or unskilled 3.0 (576) 1 1
  Skilled 3.0 (203) 0.93 (0.74–1.19) 0.58 0.90 (0.66–1.23) 0.51
 Main source of household income
  Agriculture or unskilled 3.1 (628) 1 1
  Skilled 2.8 (118) 0.93 (0.70–1.23) 0.59 1.01 (0.69–1.48) 0.97
  Remittances or other 2.5 (33) 0.77 (0.43–1.36) 0.37 0.67 (0.38–1.19) 0.17
Education
 Female caregiver ever attended school
  No 3.5 (188) 1 1
  Yes 2.9 (546) 0.80 (0.67–0.95) 0.01 0.70 (0.49–0.98) 0.04
 Female caregiver's highest level of school completed
  None 3.5 (188) 1 1
  Incomplete primary 3.0 (406) 0.83 (0.69–1.01) 0.06 1.26 (0.91–1.74) 0.16
  Primary or higher 2.4 (140) 0.69 (0.53–0.91) 0.008 Omitted due to collinearity

CI = confidence interval; IRR = incidence rate ratio; SEP = socioeconomic position; UGX = Ugandan shilling.

*

Malaria incidence: episodes per person-years at risk. Total person-years at risk shown in brackets.

IRR minimally adjusted for mean age during follow-up and gender.

IRR adjusted for mean age during follow-up, gender, categorical Wealth Index I, and all other SEP indicators, excluding all other wealth index variables. IRRs for the categorical Wealth Index II and continuous Wealth Indices I and II variables were adjusted for mean age during follow-up, gender, and all other indicators of SEP, excluding all other wealth index variables.

§

Standardized wealth index scores were created by subtracting mean index scores and dividing by the standard deviation.