TABLE 1.
Study population and factors associated with intestinal carriage of high-level AmpC cephalosporinase-producing Enterobacteriaceae at intensive care unit admissiona
| Variable | All patients (n = 1,209) | Intestinal carriage of HLAC-PE at ICU admission |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carriers (n = 24) | Noncarriers (n = 1,185) | |||
| Median age (interquartile range), yr | 63 (49–75) | 68 (51–75) | 63 (49–74) | 0.23 |
| Male gender, no. (%) | 763 (63.1) | 19 (79.2) | 744 (62.8) | 0.13 |
| Comorbidities, no. (%) | ||||
| Cardiac | 579 (47.9) | 15 (62.5) | 564 (47.6) | 0.15 |
| Respiratory | 296 (24.5) | 12 (50.0) | 284 (24.0) | 0.007 |
| End-stage renal disease | 23 (1.9) | 0 | 23 (1.9) | 1.0 |
| Neurological | 66 (5.5) | 3 (12.5) | 63 (5.3) | 0.15 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 37 (3.1) | 2 (8.3) | 35 (2.9) | 0.16 |
| Malignancies | 123 (10.2) | 5 (20.8) | 118 (10.0) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 223 (18.4) | 8 (33.3) | 215 (18.1) | 0.06 |
| Median McCabe score (interquartile range) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0.02 |
| Hospital stay within the previous year, no. (%) | 322 (26.6) | 12 (50.0) | 310 (26.2) | 0.02 |
| Surgery within the previous month, no. (%) | 13 (1.1) | 2 (8.3) | 11 (1.0) | 0.02 |
| Admission, no. (%) | ||||
| Transfer | 379 (31.4) | 15 (62.5) | 364 (30.7) | 0.002 |
| Direct | 830 (68.6) | 9 (37.5) | 821 (69.3) | |
| Type of ICU stay, no. (%) | ||||
| Medical | 1,091 (90.2) | 20 (83.3) | 1,071 (90.4) | 0.28 |
| Surgical | 118 (9.8) | 4 (16.7) | 114 (9.6) | |
| Median SAPS II at ICU admission (interquartile range) | 41 (29–53) | 40 (31–43) | 41 (29–53) | 0.54 |
| ESBL-PE carriage at ICU admission, no. (%) | 24 (2.0) | 2 (8.3) | 22 (1.8) | 0.08 |
| Main diagnoses of the ICU stay, no. (%) | ||||
| Sepsis | 648 (53.6) | 12 (50.0) | 636 (53.7) | 0.84 |
| Neurological | 181 (15.0) | 5 (20.8) | 176 (14.8) | 0.39 |
| Renal | 274 (22.7) | 3 (12.5) | 271 (22.9) | 0.24 |
| Cardiac | 205 (16.9) | 3 (12.5) | 202 (17.0) | 0.78 |
| Intestinal/hepatic | 54 (4.5) | 2 (8.3) | 52 (4.4) | 0.29 |
| Trauma | 151 (12.5) | 1 (4.2) | 150 (12.6) | 0.34 |
| Use of life-sustaining therapies, no. (%) | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 806 (66.7) | 16 (66.7) | 790 (66.7) | 1.0 |
| Vasopressors | 580 (48.0) | 7 (29.2) | 573 (48.3) | 0.07 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 125 (10.3) | 1 (4.2) | 124 (10.5) | 0.5 |
a
HLAC-PE, high-level expressed AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae; ICU, intensive care unit; SAPS II, simplified acute physiology score II; ESBL-PE, extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.