Figure 1.

Snapshots of simulated (a–c) and experimental (d–f) tracer particle fields near a homogeneous cation selective membrane. In all images the dashed lines indicate the membrane surface. Simulations were performed at a constant voltage of 40V_T, experiments at a current density of 10 A/m². Simulated and experimental particles have a zeta potential of −1 mV. Images (d–f) adapted with permission from de Valença et al.² Copyrighted by the American Physical Society.