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. 2016 Feb 20;8(2):56. doi: 10.3390/v8020056

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Porcine circovirus 2 infection induced unfolded protein response and expression of the pro-apoptotic protein CHOP by activating the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis. PK-15 cells were infected with PCV2 or mock-infected for indicated time points. (A) Representative images of Western blotting for the target proteins; (B–D) Ratios of GRP78 to β-actin (B), phosphorylated PERK (p-PERK) to total PERK (C), and phosphorylated eIF2α (p-eIF2α) to total eIF2α (t-eIF2α) (D). Ratios of targeted proteins to β-actin or t-PERK/t-eIF2α were normalized to mock infection set at 1.0. All data are reported as means ± the standard errors of the mean of three independent experiments (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01) here and in all subsequent figures.