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. 2016 Feb 20;8(2):56. doi: 10.3390/v8020056

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© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid enhanced virus replication. PK-15 cells were infected with PCV2 (MOI = 1) for 36 h. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was maintained during the viral infection. Whole cell extracts were subjected to Western blotting for GRP78, phosphorylated eIF2α (p-eIF2α), total eIF2α (t-eIF2α), CHOP and capsid protein. (A) Representative blot showing the effect of TUDCA treatment on expression of target proteins; (B) Ratio of Cap to β-actin normalized to untreated control cells set at 1.0; (C) Virus titers expressed as log TCID₅₀/mL.