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. 2016 Mar 3;6:22579. doi: 10.1038/srep22579

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(a) qPCR analysis of TLR9 mRNA in the podocytes treated with PAN for 12 h, showing that TLR9 mRNA was significantly upregulated *P < 0.01. (b) Immunoblotting of TLR9 of the same cells also revealed upregulation of TLR9 protein. (c,d) PAN enhanced p65 (c) and p38 (d) phosphorylation. (e) Luciferase reporter assay by using NFκB responsive reporter luciferase construct further confirmed that PAN activated NFκB signaling in the podocytes. *P < 0.05.