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. 2016 Mar 3;7:257. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00257

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Mechanisms of formaldehyde toxicity. (A) The reaction of formaldehyde with amines forms an imine adduct via an N-methylol intermediate. The imine can react further with other amines to form methylene bridges between protein and DNA molecules. (B) The reaction between formaldehyde and thiols forms S-hydroxymethyl and thiazolidine adducts.