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. 2016 Mar 3;7:257. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00257

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Copyright © 2016 Chen, Djoko, Veyrier and McEwan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Sources of formaldehyde. The generation of formaldehyde can be organized into three main categories. (1) Bacterial derived sources. (A) The degradation of heme (substituents omitted for clarity) by IsdG/I, and (B) Strecker degradation of glycine with methylglyoxal. (2). Sources from the host-pathogen interface. (C) The lipid peroxidation of sugar molecules and (D) degradation of glycine by Fenton chemistry. (3) Host derived sources. (E) Formaldehyde formed from the oxidation of methanol derived from pectin in fruit. (F) Oxidative deamination of methylamine by semicarbazide amine oxidase (SSAO). (G) The methyl transfer of histamine by histamine-N-methyltransferase (HMT). (H) The demethylation of histones by lysine specific demethylase (LSD1). For all reactions, the carbon atom which formaldehyde is generated from is highlighted in Red.