The differential methylation of S. galili p53 promoter modulates transcription of p53 involving Cux1, Pax4, Pax6, and AP-1. (A) Profiles of methylation status on the p53 promoter of S. galili living in basalt and chalk soils. (B) Sites showing different degrees of methylation between the two mole rat populations. (C) Cux1, Pax4, Pax6, and AP-1 contribute to the transcriptional regulation of S. galili p53. Results are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 (unpaired t test) compared with unmethylated S. galili p53 groups. +P < 0.05 and ++P < 0.01 compared with methylated S. galili p53 groups. #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 compared with unmethylated S. galili mutant groups. &P < 0.05, &&P < 0.01, and &&&P < 0.001 compared with methylated S. galili mutant groups.