Activation of RNase L during WNV infection of A549 cells requires OAS3 expression. (A) WT A549 and KO cells were infected with WNV (MOI = 5 pfu per cell), and at 24 hpi RNA integrity was assessed. (B) WT A549 and KO cells were infected with WNV (MOI = 5 pfu per cell), and at 24 hpi 2-5A intracellular levels were quantified by FRET assay. (C) Cells were infected with WNV (MOI = 1 pfu per cell), and at the indicated time points infectious virus in the supernatant was titered by plaque assay. The data are from three biological replicates and are expressed as means ± SD; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.