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The OAS–RNase L pathway. Upon detection of viral dsRNA during infection with diverse human viruses (WNV, SINV, IAVΔNS1, VACVΔE3L), OAS3 produces 2-5A, which activates RNase L. RNase L degrades cellular and viral RNA, leading to the restriction of virus replication. [Modified with permission from ref. 25 and with permission from ref. 36; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10972765.]
