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Systemic parameters affecting diabetic nephropathy in Akita mice with five graded expressions of Elmo1 at age 40 wk. Dotted lines indicate nondiabetic WT levels. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. Elmo1 WT. (A) Plasma glucose levels. (B) Plasma insulin levels. (C) Systolic blood pressure (BP) determined with a tail-cuff method. (D) Plasma levels of lipid peroxide (LPO). (E) Erythrocyte levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). (F) Plasma levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1).
