Table 4.
Three-factor solution of the DBQ items, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and variance of the DBQ subscales across different ethnic groups in Qatar (N=1824)
| Errors | Violations | Lapses | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qa | Jo | Ind | Phil | Qa | Jo | Ind | Phil | Qa | Jo | Ind | Phil | ||
| Ov | Drive especially close to the car in front as a signal to its driver to go faster or get out of the way | .62 | .62 | .50 | .62 | ||||||||
| Ov | Cross a junction knowing that the traffic lights have already turned red | .60 | .61 | .47 | .67 | ||||||||
| Ov | Disregard the speed limits late at night or early in the morning | .64 | .46 | .45 | .79 | ||||||||
| Ov | Disregard the speed limits on a motorway | .72 | .76 | .67 | .78 | ||||||||
| Ov | Stay in a motorway that you know will be closed ahead until the last minute before forcing you way into the other lane | .55 | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Ov | Become impatient with a slow driver in the outer lane and overtake on the inside (right) lane | .62 | .74 | .67 | .69 | ||||||||
| Ov | Get involved with unofficial ‘races’ with other drivers | .69 | - | .61 | .65 | ||||||||
| Av | Angered by another driver’s behavior, you give chase with the intention of giving him/her a piece of your mind | .66 | - | .58 | .62 | ||||||||
| Av | Sound your horn to indicate your annoyance to another driver | .60 | .50 | - | .52 | ||||||||
| Av | Have an aversion to a particular class of road user and indicate your hostility by whatever means you can | .57 | .49 | .41 | .56 | ||||||||
| E | Miss ‘Give Way’ signs and narrowly avoid colliding with traffic having right of way | .46 | .46 | - | - | ||||||||
| E | Fail to notice that pedestrians are crossing when turning into a side street from a main road | .68 | .49 | - | - | ||||||||
| E | Queuing to turn right/left onto a main road, you pay such close attention to the mainstream of traffic that you nearly hit the car in front | .55 | .61 | .65 | .64 | ||||||||
| E | On turning right/left nearly hit a two wheeler who has come up on your inside | .57 | - | - | .68 | ||||||||
| E | Fail to check your rear-view mirror before pulling out or changing lanes, etc | - | .46 | .47 | .65 | ||||||||
| E | Under estimate the speed of an oncoming vehicle when overtaking | .46 | - | .48 | - | ||||||||
| E | Apply sudden brakes on a slippery road, or steer wrong way in a skid | - | - | .52 | .71 | ||||||||
| E | Attempt to overtake someone that you hadn’t noticed to be signaling a left turn | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| L | Get into the wrong lane when approaching a roundabout or a junction | - | - | .42 | .41 | ||||||||
| L | Misread the signs and exit from the roundabout on the wrong road | - | - | - | .56 | ||||||||
| L | Forget where you left your car in the car park | .75 | .60 | .77 | .74 | ||||||||
| L | Hit something when reversing that you had not previously seen | .42 | .67 | .76 | .74 | ||||||||
| L | Attempt to drive away from the traffic lights | .44 | .56 | .43 | - | ||||||||
| L | Switch on one thing, such as headlights, when you meant to switch on something else, such as wipers | - | .57 | .51 | - | ||||||||
| L | Intending to drive to destination A and, you ‘wake up’ to find yourself in destination B, because the latter is your more usual destination | .46 | - | - | - | ||||||||
| L | Realize you have no clear recollection of the road along which you have been travelling | .42 | .41 | .32 | - | ||||||||
| Eigen values | 5.3 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 5.2 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.4 | |
| Cronbach’s alpha | .65 | .65 | .58 | .73 | .81 | .62 | .51 | .85 | .65 | .63 | .57 | .63 | |
| Variance (%) | 24 | 22 | 15 | 18 | 81 | 25 | 19 | 49 | 20.6 | 20.5 | 29.9 | 10.5 | |
Principal component analysis; Varimax rotation with Kaiser Normalization. Factors extracted based on Eigen value>1. (Factor loadings below. 30 were omitted for the sake of clarity). Qa=Qatari, Jo=Jordanians, Ind.=Indian sub-continent, Phil.=Filipinos Av=aggressive violation, ov=ordinatry violations, e=error, L=lapse