Table 3.
Distribution of types of refractive errors by socio-demographic characteristics among the included primary school children
| Refractive errors: No. (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Myopia (Spherical≥-0.75D)(N=180) | Myopic Astigmatism (Cylindrical ≥0.75)(N=34) | Hypermetropia (Spherical ≥ +2 D)(N=27) | Hypermetropic astigmatism (Cylindrical≥0.75)(N=33) | Total (N=274) | P value* |
| Gender: | ||||||
| Males | 70(25.5) | 16(5.8) | 14(5.1) | 13(4.7) | 113(41.2) | |
| Females | 110(40.1) | 18(6.6) | 13(4.7) | 20(7.3) | 161(58.8) | 0.014 |
| P value ** | 0.010 | 0.973 | 0.854 | 0.394 | 161(58.8) | |
| Residence and Gender: | ||||||
| Rural: | ||||||
| Male | 27(9.9) | 4(1.5) | 4(1.5) | 4(1.5) | 39 (14.2) | |
| Female | 69(25.2) | 9(3.3) | 3(1.1) | 3(1.1) | 84(30.7) | 0.001 |
| Urban | ||||||
| Male | 43 (15.7) | 12(4.4) | 10(3.7) | 9(3.3) | 74(27.0) | 0.001 |
| Female | 41 (15.0) | 9(3.3) | 10(3.7) | 17(6.2) | 77(28.1) | |
| P value ** | 0.001 | 0.252 | 0.977 | 0.494 | ||
| Age groups: | ||||||
| 6-<9 | 63(23.0) | 5(1.8) | 13(4.7) | 4(1.5 | 85(31.0) | |
| 9-<12 | 53(19.3) | 17(6.2) | 5(1.8) | 2(0.7) | 77(28.1) | 0.001 |
| 12-14 | 64(23.4) | 12(4.4) | 9(3.3) | 27(9.9) | 112(40.9) | |
| P value † | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.188 | -- | ||
*
Chi square for independence.
**
Z test for proportions,
†
Chi square for trend.