Table 3. Self-reported health outcomes experienced in the last 2 weeks before the interview among participants enrolled in a cross-sectional survey carried out in late 2013 in Kampala, stratified by exposure groups.
| Self-reported health problems over the past 2 weeks | com comparison* | com exposed* | farmer* | worker fs* | worker ww* | Difference (χ2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 331 | n = 229 | n = 245 | n = 67 | n = 43 | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | p-value | |
| Diarrhea | |||||||||||
| 14-day prevalence | 70 | 21.2 | 58 | 25.3 | 62 | 25.3 | 22 | 32.8 | 10 | 23.3 | 0.323 |
| Blood in stool | 8 | 2.4 | 5 | 2.2 | 8 | 3.3 | 3 | 4.5 | 1 | 2.3 | 0.837 |
| Number of episodes | |||||||||||
| 1 | 50 | 15.1 | 49 | 21.4 | 40 | 16.3 | 10 | 14.9 | 4 | 9.3 | |
| 2 | 15 | 4.5 | 4 | 1.8 | 14 | 5.7 | 9 | 13.4 | 3 | 7.0 | |
| 3 | 2 | 0.6 | 4 | 1.8 | 5 | 2.0 | 2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 4 | 3 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7.0 | <0.001 |
| Eye issues | |||||||||||
| Eye problems | 67 | 20.2 | 63 | 27.5 | 93 | 38.0 | 22 | 32.8 | 14 | 32.6 | <0.001 |
| Eye irritation | 29 | 8.8 | 38 | 16.6 | 42 | 17.1 | 12 | 17.9 | 11 | 25.6 | <0.001 |
| Sensitivity to light | 35 | 10.6 | 24 | 10.5 | 54 | 22.0 | 10 | 14.9 | 8 | 18.6 | 0.001 |
| Other eye problems | 7 | 2.1 | 6 | 2.6 | 13 | 5.3 | 6 | 9.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.016 |
| Skin issues | |||||||||||
| Skin problems | 95 | 28.7 | 64 | 28.0 | 81 | 33.1 | 26 | 38.8 | 13 | 30.2 | 0.393 |
| Skin irritation | 14 | 4.2 | 29 | 12.7 | 29 | 11.8 | 13 | 19.4 | 7 | 16.3 | <0.001 |
| Itching | 65 | 19.6 | 46 | 20.1 | 52 | 21.2 | 16 | 23.9 | 11 | 25.6 | 0.853 |
| Sores on skin | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.9 | 14 | 5.7 | 4 | 6.0 | 3 | 7.0 | 0.020 |
| Ulcer on skin | 4 | 1.2 | 3 | 1.3 | 5 | 2.0 | 4 | 6.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.070 |
| Other skin problems | 9 | 2.7 | 4 | 1.8 | 8 | 3.3 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.621 |
*“com exposed”, slum dwellers at risk of flooding along the Nakivubo wetland; “com comparison”, slum dwellers without risk of flooding at least 2 km away from the Nakivubo wetland; “farmer”, urban farmers reusing wastewater within the Nakivubo wetland; “worker ww”, workers maintaining drainage channels and operating the Bugolobi Sewage Treatment Works; “worker fs”, workers managing fecal sludge (e.g., collection at households by means of vacuum trucks).