Table 5. Characteristics of PC patients and controls of blood sample cohort adjusted by covariance analysis.

Characteristic	Cases		Controls
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p***
Age at diagnosis	68.1	0.5	64.6	0.3	<0.001
MSMB *	21.1	1.5	29.7	0.9	<0.001
MSMB #	22.4	1.4	29.2	0.9	<0.001
Total PSA **	22.5	3.1	4.6	1.9	<0.001
Free PSA **	3.6	0.4	1.2	0.3	<0.001
Free to total PSA **	0.2	0.01	0.3	0.004	<0.001

* means adjusted by covariance analysis for age at diagnosis, total PSA (log2-transformed)

# means adjusted by covariance analysis for age at diagnosis, free PSA (log2-transformed)

** means adjusted by covariance analysis for age at diagnosis, MSMB (log2-transformed)

*** F test of case-control differences from covariance analysis.