Table 1. Activation levels of the superficial muscles (% of MVIC) during the maximal voluntary isometric contraction in anterior, posterior and left/right directions.
| Sternocleidomastoid (left) | Sternocleidomastoid (right) | Splenius capitis/levator scapulae (left) | Splenius capitis/levator scapulae (right) | Semispinalis capitis/trapezius (left) | Semispinalis capitis/trapezius (right) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior | 91.9±5.7 | 92.9±5.6 | 59.2±23.1 | 62.8±18.5 | 27.0±17.9 | 39.8±26.5 |
| Posterior | 11.9±17.3 | 12.5±19.9 | 66.4±22.3 | 59.3±27.1 | 90.1±8.5 | 88.0±9.9 |
| Left | 40.1±22.7 | 20.5±24.9 | 69.7±15.8 | 21.7±13.8 | 49.4±18.0 | 36.9±19.6 |
| Right | 18.3±21.7 | 34.1±18.0 | 16.7±10.2 | 65.2±19.4 | 25.6±12.7 | 53.0±18.1 |