Table 4. Activation levels of superficial muscles (% of MVIC) during neck posture in flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending.
| Sternocleidomastoid (left) | Sternocleidomastoid (right) | Splenius capitis/levator scapulae (left) | Splenius capitis/levator scapulae (right) | Semispinalis capitis/trapezius (left) | Semispinalis capitis/trapezius (right) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion | ||||||
| 10° | 1.3±0.7 | 1.4±0.8 | 7.1±4.0 | 6.5±4.9 | 7.9±4.0 | 7.4±3.5 |
| 20° | 1.3±0.7 | 1.7±1.3 | 6.7±3.0 | 6.4±4.0 | 8.6±4.2 | 8.1±3.7 |
| 30° | 1.9±1.8 | 2.5±3.2 | 7.8±4.2 | 7.8±4.2 | 10.6±5.5 | 10.2±5.6 |
| terminal | 2.3±2.8 | 2.9±4.1 | 6.5±3.5 | 6.7±4.1 | 7.7±4.8 | 8.2±5.4 |
| Extension | ||||||
| 10° | 1.8±1.3 | 2.1±2.1 | 5.5±3.8 | 5.5±4.7 | 3.9±1.6 | 4.2±1.6 |
| 20° | 3.8±3.3 | 3.8±3.1 | 6.5±3.9 | 6.2±4.0 | 4.3±1.9 | 4.5±1.7 |
| 30° | 6.1±4.7 | 6.4±5.1 | 8.3±5.8 | 7.3±4.4 | 5.1±3.0 | 5.3±2.2 |
| terminal | 8.0±5.6 | 7.8±5.6 | 8.8±6.6 | 8.9±6.0 | 5.0±2.1 | 5.7±2.4 |
| Left side bending | ||||||
| 10° | 2.0±1.5 | 1.3±0.6 | 7.0±4.7 | 6.3±4.8 | 4.6±2.5 | 5.6±3.0 |
| 20° | 3.4±4.6 | 1.3±0.6 | 7.0±5.1 | 7.0±5.3 | 5.7±3.1 | 9.0±7.0 |
| terminal | 4.8±6.8 | 1.5±0.8 | 7.9±5.6 | 7.2±5.0 | 5.8±3.1 | 10.3±8.8 |
| Right side bending | ||||||
| 10° | 1.5±0.7 | 2.2±1.9 | 7.1±4.2 | 6.4±6.4 | 5.8±3.5 | 4.8±1.9 |
| 20° | 1.5±0.8 | 2.7±2.3 | 6.7±2.8 | 6.5±6.6 | 8.5±7.2 | 5.3±2.3 |
| terminal | 1.5±0.6 | 4.9±5.0 | 6.9±3.2 | 6.9±5.9 | 9.2±7.5 | 6.1±2.6 |