Table 4. Association (χ2) and prevalence ratio between back pain and independent variables (demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial).
| Independent variable | n (%) | Back pain | Prevalence ratio | p a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | (95% CI) | |||
| Demographic | ||||
| Sex (n = 238) | 0.001b | |||
| Male | 165 (69.3) | 60 (36.4) | 1 | |
| Female | 73 (30.7) | 44 (60.3) | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | |
| Age (n = 238) | 0.167 | |||
| 14–15 years | 66 (27.7) | 24 (36.4) | 1 | |
| 16–17 years | 121 (50.9) | 60 (49.6) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | |
| 18–20 years | 51 (21.4) | 20 (39.2) | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | |
| Socioeconomic | ||||
| Work (n = 235) | 0.912 | |||
| Yes | 28 (11.9) | 12 (42.9) | 1 | |
| No | 207 (88.1) | 91 (44) | 1.01 (0.87–1.15) | |
| Mother education (n = 221) | 0.964 | |||
| Basic education | 52 (23.5) | 24 (46.2) | 1 | |
| High school | 95 (40) | 42 (44.2) | 0.98 (0.87–1.10) | |
| College | 74 (33.5) | 34 (45.9) | 0.99 (0.88–1.12) | |
| Father education (n = 206) | 0.696 | |||
| Basic education | 92 (44.7) | 45 (48.9) | 1 | |
| High school | 86 (41.7) | 37 (43) | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | |
| College | 28 (13.6) | 12 (42.9) | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) | |
| Psychosocial | ||||
| Feeling lonely last year (n = 224) | 0.002b | |||
| Never | 69 (30.8) | 25 (36.2) | 1 | |
| Rarely | 85 (38) | 36 (42.4) | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | |
| Sometimes | 59 (26.3) | 30 (50.8) | 1.11 (0.98–1.16) | |
| Almost every day | 11 (4.9) | 9 (81.8) | 1.33 (1.14–1.55) | |
| Loss of sleep last year (n = 223) | 0.002b | |||
| Never | 80 (35.9) | 24 (30) | 1 | |
| Rarely | 84 (37.7) | 39 (46.4) | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) | |
| Sometimes | 46 (20.6) | 28 (60.9) | 1.23 (1.10–1.39) | |
| Almost every day | 13 (5.8) | 8 (61.5) | 1.24 (1.03–1.48) | |
| Feeling intimidated last month (n = 228) | 0.322 | |||
| Never | 130 (57) | 53 (40.8) | 1 | |
| Rarely | 57 (25) | 26 (45.6) | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | |
| Sometimes | 21 (9.2) | 11 (52.4) | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | |
| Almost every day | 20 (8.8) | 12 (60) | 1.13 (0.98–1.31) |
a Multivariable analysis. Wald chi-squared test.
b Significant association (p < 0.05).