Table 5. Drug susceptibility studies on L. aethiopica.
| Ref | Assay; parasite strains | IC50 or ED50 | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| [18] | Amastigote-macrophage in vitro model—CD1 mouse | IC50 (μg/ml ± SD) | MF: maximal efficacy against all three forms; followed by ampho against LCL; by PM against DCL/ML; |
| derived PEMs | - Ampho: 0.16 ± 0.18 | DCL/ML generally less sensitive | |
| Patient strains: | - MF: 5.88 ± 4.79 | ||
| LCL: 8; MCL: 9; DCL: 7 | - SSG: 10.23 ± 8.12 | ||
| - Paromo: 13.63 ± 18.74 | |||
| [20] | Human leukemia monocyte cell line THP-1 | ED50: | L. aethiopica less sensitive to SSG than L donovani |
| MHOM/ET/72/L100 strain | - SSG: 25.3 μg SbV/ml; | ||
| - PM: 0.6 μM | |||
| - Paromo: 6.4 μM | |||
| [19] | Promastigote assay; Amastigote-macrophage assay (peritoneal CD1 mouse macrophages) | Promastigote (ED50-μM) | Ampho most active (submicromolar concentration) |
| MHOM/ET/84/KH strain | - MF: 1.16–2.76 | Tested in parallel: L Major generally least susceptible, L donovani most susceptible | |
| - Edelfosine: 0.62–1.28 | |||
| - Ampho: 0.11–0.24 | |||
| Amastigote (ED50-μM) | |||
| - MF: 2.63–4.92 | |||
| - Edelfosine: 1.15–2.92 | |||
| - Ampho: 0.04–0.07 | |||
| [21] | THP-1 monocyte cell line | 1) ED50: 4.0 μg/mL (pre-treatment); 21.9 μg/mL (at relapse); | ED50 for SSG high: 78.2 μg Sb/ml (pt 1); 55.0 μg (pt 2) |
| Patient strains (DCL-Ethiopia); Two patients (1,2) treated with PM and subsequent relapse, improving on PM/SSG | 2) ED50: 7.1 μg/mL (pre-treatment),: 21.3 μg/mL(at relapse)– | Sb/ml synergism with SSG in both patients | |
| Patient 3 treated with PM/SSG | 3) ED50: 15.0 μg/mL (pre-treatment) |
ampho: amphotericin B deoxychelate; DCL: diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL); ED50: effective dose 50; IC50: inhibitory dose 50; LCL: localized CL; MCL mucocutaneous leishmaniasis; MF: miltefosine;; Paromo: paromomycin; PEM: Peritoneal exudate macrophages; PM: pentamidine; SSG: sodium stibogluconate; Sb: pentavalent antimonial.