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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 21.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Nanotechnol. 2015 Dec 21;11(3):295–303. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.292

Figure 1. eCPMV nanoparticles are inherently immuonogenic.

Figure 1

a, Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) exposed to eCPMV produce elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. b, Thioglycollate-elicited primary macrophages also secrete significantly elevated levels of the same panel of cytokines. Both cell types (n = 6/group) were cultured for 24hr with 20μg eCPMV (dark gray bars) and cytokine levels were analysed using a multiplexed luminex array. Data for bar graphs calculated using unpaired Student’s t-test with p <0.05 as *, p <0.01 as **, and p <0.001 as ***.