Table 3.
Unadjusted Predictors of Clinical Liver Disease Progression Among All Subjects in the CHARM Cohort (n = 564)
| Predictor | Events (n = 55) | Person Years | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||
| <40 | 10 | 487.3 | Reference | – |
| 40 to 49 | 30 | 1113.7 | 1.32 (.65–2.70) | NS |
| ≥50 | 15 | 572.1 | 1.24 (.56–2.75) | NS |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 15 | 802.6 | Reference | – |
| Male | 40 | 1370.5 | 1.49 (.82–2.70) | NS |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 16 | 571.4 | Reference | – |
| Black | 27 | 1095.0 | 0.91 (.49–1.70) | NS |
| Hispanic | 12 | 486.3 | 0.88 (.42–1.87) | NS |
| Other | 0 | 20.5 | – | – |
| Location of birtha | ||||
| United States | 45 | 1791.1 | Reference | – |
| Outside United States | 10 | 374.6 | 1.04 (.53–2.07) | NS |
| Marital statusa | ||||
| Married or cohabitating | 12 | 408.6 | Reference | – |
| Single | 33 | 1266.2 | 0.92 (.47–1.78) | NS |
| Separated, Divorced or Widowed | 10 | 494.0 | 0.69 (.30–1.59) | NS |
| Employed at baselinea | ||||
| Yes | 9 | 471.1 | 0.71 (.35–1.46) | NS |
| No | 46 | 1694.0 | Reference | – |
| Income <$600 per montha | ||||
| Yes | 18 | 884.8 | 0.73 (.41–1.30) | NS |
| No | 32 | 1071.7 | Reference | – |
| Ever incarcerateda | ||||
| Yes | 42 | 1599.9 | 1.15 (.62–2.15) | NS |
| No | 13 | 572.3 | Reference | – |
| HCV genotypea | ||||
| Type 1 | 32 | 1090.0 | 1.90 (.67–5.38) | NS |
| Other or Not Indicated | 4 | 275.4 | Reference | – |
| HCV viral load, copies/IUa | ||||
| <800 000 | 22 | 943.6 | Reference | – |
| ≥800 000 | 22 | 773.2 | 1.20 (.67–2.17) | NS |
| History of IDU | ||||
| Yes | 48 | 1896.7 | 1.04 (.47–2.31) | NS |
| No | 7 | 276.5 | Reference | – |
| Length of IDU, yearsa | ||||
| <20 | 12 | 618.9 | Reference | – |
| 20 to <30 | 14 | 665.4 | 1.08 (.50–2.34) | NS |
| ≥30 | 21 | 612.7 | 1.69 (.83–3.43) | NS |
| Active IDUa,b | ||||
| Yes | 14 | 682.6 | 0.75 (.40–1.41) | NS |
| No | 34 | 1211.7 | Reference | – |
| Hazardous drinkingc | ||||
| Yes | 13 | 460.0 | 1.14 (.61–2.12) | NS |
| No | 42 | 1713.1 | Reference | – |
| Hepatitis B antigen positivea | ||||
| Yes | 3 | 32.7 | 3.29 (1.02–10.60) | <.05 |
| No | 49 | 1953.3 | Reference | – |
| Level of fibrosisa | ||||
| Mild (FIB-4 score: <1.45) | 3 | 861.8 | Reference | – |
| Moderate (FIB-4 score: 1.45–3.25) | 13 | 722.9 | 5.19 (1.48–18.23) | .01 |
| Advanced (FIB-4 score: >3.25) | 34 | 331.2 | 28.91 (8.88–94.16) | <.001 |
| HIV status, baseline CD4 counta | ||||
| Hepatitis C monoinfected | 11 | 650.4 | Reference | – |
| HIV+, ≥350 cells/mm3 | 17 | 856.8 | 1.11 (.52–2.37) | NS |
| HIV+, 200 to <350 cells/mm3 | 8 | 395.3 | 1.15 (.46–2.88) | NS |
| HIV+, <200 cells/mm3 | 19 | 260.5 | 3.97 (1.88–8.39) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CD4, CD4 T cell; CHARM, Hepatitis C, HIV and Related Morbidity; CI, confidence interval; FIB, fibrosis; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug use; IU, international units; NS, not significant.
a Information not available for all 564 subjects.
b Active IDU = IDU within 6 months of enrollment.
c Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score ≥8.