Figure 4. Increased levels of degenerative human CEP cell senescence resulting from oxidative stress induced by 150 μM H₂O₂.

(A) Sublethal oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂, and the early-and late-apoptosis of CEP cells were detected with Flow cytometry. (B) The addition of H₂O₂ did not increase CEP cell apoptosis. (C) Sublethal oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂, and the cells in different cycles including G₁, G₂ and S were counted and represented as a percentage of the total cell count with Flow cytometry. (D) The addition of H₂O₂ increased the population of G₁ phase cells. (E) Sublethal oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂, and CEP cells were detected with SA-β-Gal staining. (F) The addition of H₂O₂ increased the percentage of SA-β-Gal-positive cells (blue) and the staining intensity. (G) The addition of H₂O₂ decreased Col2A1 expression and increased MMP13 mRNA expression. Three independent experiments were performed on the degenerative human CEP cells from three patients, and the data was denoted in terms of mean ± SD. *P < 0.05. NS: P > 0.05.