Table 3. Summary of the differentially expressed plasma metabolites in 60 subjects at high altitude relative to plain.
| Metabolites | Metabolic pathway | VIPb | %RSDc | p-valued | q-value | Ratio (high altitude/plain) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESI+ | ||||||
| Carnitinea | Fatty acid transportation | 2.52 | 9.0 | 4.66E-05 | 3.74E-04 | 1.25 |
| Acetylcarnitinea | Fatty acid transportation | 2.55 | 7.4 | 1.44E-07 | 2.56E-06 | 1.51 |
| Propionylcarnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 1.47 | 7.9 | 2.92E-05 | 2.36E-04 | 1.33 |
| Octenoylcarnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 1.33 | 6.8 | 1.21E-09 | 3.14E-08 | 1.53 |
| Decanoylcarnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 2.84 | 8.3 | 1.02E-06 | 1.24E-05 | 1.76 |
| Dodecenoylcarnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 1.91 | 9.7 | 1.38E-08 | 2.33E-07 | 1.76 |
| Dodecanoylcarnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 1.91 | 5.3 | 4.20E-07 | 4.92E-06 | 1.79 |
| Tetradecadienylcarnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 2.16 | 7.7 | 1.80E-07 | 2.77E-06 | 2.05 |
| Tetradecenoylcarnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 2.34 | 10.8 | 2.08E-08 | 2.94E-07 | 2.34 |
| Tetradecanoylcarnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 1.12 | 6.2 | 1.02E-08 | 2.09E-07 | 1.78 |
| Hexadecenoylcarnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 1.35 | 8.4 | 2.51E-11 | 6.24E-10 | 2.02 |
| Octadecenoylcarnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 2.78 | 10.6 | 8.08E-11 | 1.40E-09 | 1.7 |
| C20:1-carnitine | Fatty acid transportation | 1.30 | 9.4 | 7.43E-12 | 1.33E-10 | 1.69 |
| LysoPC(18:2) | Phospholipid metabolism | 7.84 | 9.3 | 9.14E-04 | 4.49E-03 | 0.62 |
| LysoPC(20:2) | Phospholipid metabolism | 2.31 | 7.2 | 8.19E-15 | 1.04E-13 | 0.63 |
| LysoPC(18:0)a | Phospholipid metabolism | 2.56 | 7.4 | 1.55E-13 | 3.57E-11 | 0.65 |
| Glycerophosphocholine | Phospholipid metabolism | 1.43 | 9.1 | 3.00E-08 | 9.70E-07 | 0.57 |
| Valinea | Valine metabolism | 3.38 | 5.7 | 2.86E-06 | 4.43E-05 | 0.64 |
| Prolinea | Proline metabolism | 1.00 | 7.0 | 6.39E-03 | 2.26E-02 | 1.23 |
| Methioninea | Methionine metabolism | 1.62 | 7.2 | 3.86E-07 | 4.63E-06 | 1.17 |
| Uric acida | Purine metabolism | 1.52 | 3.0 | 1.51E-03 | 9.87E-03 | 1.2 |
| Hypoxanthinea | Purine metabolism | 1.27 | 6.7 | 3.10E-04 | 1.53E-03 | 1.58 |
| Phenylalaninea | Phenylalanine metabolism | 3.41 | 4.6 | 7.22E-05 | 6.25E-04 | 1.13 |
| Bilirubin | Heme metabolism | 3.19 | 4.2 | 4.76E-10 | 1.12E-08 | 3.01 |
| ESI− | ||||||
| Citrullinea | Urea cycle | 1.19 | 6.8 | 1.76E-10 | 9.56E-09 | 0.66 |
| Deoxyribose 1-phosphate | Pyrimidine Metabolism | 1.69 | 7.9 | 3.54E-07 | 4.41E-06 | 0.57 |
| Glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate | Bile acid metabolism | 1.01 | 3.8 | 2.76E-03 | 1.07E-02 | 1.28 |
| Tauroursodeoxycholic acid | Bile acid metabolism | 1.10 | 9.2 | 2.03E-03 | 8.41E-03 | 2.36 |
| Tetradecenoic acid | Fatty acid metabolism | 1.29 | 4.4 | 2.08E-06 | 2.08E-05 | 1.79 |
| 12,13-DiHOME | Linoleic acid metabolism | 1.14 | 8.3 | 3.20E-07 | 4.04E-06 | 1.53 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acida | Fatty acid metabolism | 1.27 | 9.0 | 1.06E-06 | 1.14E-05 | 1.94 |
| Docosahexaenoic acida | Fatty acid metabolism | 1.45 | 8.1 | 3.44E-05 | 2.37E-04 | 1.27 |
| 15-HEPE | Arachidonic acid metabolism | 1.85 | 6.2 | 1.02E-05 | 8.06E-05 | 2.48 |
| GC-MS | ||||||
| Lactic acida | Glycolysis | 6.67 | 11.6 | 4.31E-04 | 2.13E-03 | 1.24 |
| Succinic acid | TCA cycle | 1.46 | 9.8 | 1.01E-10 | 2.64E-09 | 1.33 |
| Citric acida | TCA cycle | 1.57 | 7.6 | 8.13E-04 | 6.07E-03 | 1.33 |
| Palmitic acida | Fatty acid metabolism | 2.87 | 8.3 | 3.29E-06 | 3.06E-05 | 1.91 |
| Oleic acida | Fatty acid metabolism | 4.47 | 7.5 | 2.73E-09 | 7.40E-08 | 2.43 |
| Linoleic acida | Linoleic acid metabolism | 4.33 | 10.7 | 8.03E-09 | 1.85E-07 | 1.84 |
| Arachidonic acida | Arachidonic acid metabolism | 2.61 | 5.6 | 2.64E-08 | 4.68E-07 | 1.59 |
| Alaninea | Amino acid metabolism | 1.01 | 3.5 | 2.43E-05 | 1.07E-04 | 1.24 |
| Myo-inositol | Inositol phosphate metabolism | 1.01 | 7.1 | 5.25E-04 | 3.03E-03 | 1.27 |
| 3-Hydroxybutyric acid | Others | 2.01 | 10.9 | 3.80E-05 | 2.84E-04 | 2.44 |
| Phosphoric acid | Others | 1.16 | 5.8 | 4.13E-06 | 4.15E-05 | 1.71 |
aMetabolites validated by reference standards. The others were putatively annotated metabolites.
bVariable Importance in Projection.
cVariation of the metabolites concentrations in QC samples expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD).
dPaired t-test.