Figure 3.

Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses performed on synovial fluid demonstrated a reduction of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in mice where high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways were blocked. Interestingly, the selective blockade of HMGB1 and VEGF resulted in an increase of the synovial IL‐17A concentration. The synovial fluid measurements were made by combining the samples of a pool of five mice per group. Results were expressed as cytokine/chemokine fold increases, calculated as the ratio between protein levels in HMGB1‐, BoxA‐, sFlt‐1‐treated mice and control arthritic mice. The measurement was performed only once, and a standard deviation has not been determined; n = 5 mice per group.