Table 1.
First author | Year of publ. | Journal | Country | Inclusion via | Overall N included/of which with autopsy | Age mean, range (years) | Sex ratio, male:female (n) | Postmortem interval | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
To alternative | To autopsy | ||||||||||
Non-invasive methods | Puranik [45] | 2014 | J Cardiovasc Magn Reson | Australia | Department of Forensic Medicine | 17/ 17 | 22.7, 1.5-35 | 13:4* | n/r | Mean: 56.1 h | |
Roberts [37] | 2012 | Lancet | United Kingdom | Coroner | 182/ 182 | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | ||
Takahashi [38] | 2012 | Eur Radiol | Japan | Emergency Department | 494/ 20 | Median: 74, 0-101 among autopsied: 46.5 | 306:188 among autopsied: 16:4 | Mean: 21.7 m | Within 4-24 h after imaging | ||
Westphal [39] | 2012 | Virchows Arch | Germany | Hospital, Department of Pathology | 29/ 28 | 59, 0-91 | 19:10 | Mean: 50 h | Mean: 62 h | ||
Wichmann [46] | 2012 | Ann Intern Med | Germany | 9 Intensive Care Units | 162/ 47 | among autopsied: 63 | among autopsied: 26:21 | n/r | n/r | ||
Roberts [47] | 2003 | Histopathology | United Kingdom | Coroner | 10/ 10 | n/r | n/r | Median: 2d | n/r | ||
Patriquin [48] | 2001 | J Magn Reson Imaging | USA | n/r | 8/ 8 | 64 | 4:4 | Within 12 h | Within 12 h of imaging | ||
Minimally invasive methods | With radiological imaging | Wichmann [49] | 2014 | Ann Intern Med | Germany | Department of Intensive Care Medicine | 50/ 50 | 70, 27-84 | 38:12 | Median: 4d | Median: 6d |
Ross [43] | 2012 | Radiology | Switzerland | Institute of Forensic Medicine | 20/ 20 | 56, 15-80 | 16:4 | Mean: 19 h | n/r | ||
Bolliger [44] | 2010 | Am J Roentgenol | Switzerland | Institute of Forensic Medicine | 20/ 20 | 56.4, 15-82 | 14:6 | n/r | n/r | ||
Weustink [50] | 2009 | Radiology | The Netherlands | Hospital (wards) | 30/ 30 | 65.7, 46-79 | 19:11 | Mean: 9.6 h | Additional mean: 15.1 h | ||
Fariña [40] | 2002 | Virchows Arch | Spain | n/r | 100/ 100 | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | ||
Fariña [41] | 1998 | J Echogr Med Ultrasons | Spain | n/r | 130/ 130 | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | ||
Without | Fan [51] | 2010 | Forensic Sci Int | China | Coroner | 22/ 22 | 74.01, 32-96 | 11:11 | n/r | n/r | |
Cacchione [52] | 2001 | Surg Endosc | USA | Hospital | 25/ 9 | 71.6, 44-94 | n/r | All procedures completed within 24 h after death | |||
Huston [42] | 1996 | Mod Pathol | USA | n/r | 20/ 20 | 13-84 | n/r | Range: 3-72 h | n/r |
* originally reported as 71 % men