Table 2.
Demographic and outcome data for all included patients
| No ND (N = 238) | ND (N = 128) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, female, n (%) | 100 (42.0) | 54 (42.2) | .9748 |
| Age, y, median (range) | 62 (19–97) | 69 (28–96) | <.0001 |
| Race, n (%) | .4478 | ||
| Black | 151 (63.9) | 88 (68.7) | |
| White | 73 (30.9) | 38 (29.7) | |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Stroke | 92 (38.7) | 55 (42.9) | .4221 |
| CAD | 39 (16.4) | 33 (25.9) | .0282 |
| Dyslipidemia | 107 (45.5) | 51 (40.8) | .3891 |
| Hypertension | 179 (75.5) | 99 (79.2) | .4313 |
| Diabetes | 74 (31.2) | 46 (36.5) | .3083 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 22 (9.4) | 16 (12.8) | .3121 |
| Systolic heart failure | 19 (8.1) | 14 (11.1) | .3352 |
| Home medications, n (%) | |||
| Antiplatelet agent | 89 (37.9) | 63 (49.2) | .0363 |
| Lipid-lowering agent | 94 (39.8) | 54 (43.5) | .4957 |
| Antihypertensive agent | 40 (16.9) | 49 (38.6) | <.0001 |
| Oral diabetes medication | 49 (20.7) | 28 (22.6) | .6747 |
| Active smoker, n (%) | 74 (31.5) | 29 (23.6) | .1163 |
| SBP, mm Hg, median (range) | 158 (82–280) | 163 (89–260) | .1308 |
| DBP, mm Hg, median (range) | 92 (46–180) | 93 (52–179) | .3614 |
| Admission NIHSS, median (range) | 5 (0–34) | 12 (0–29) | <.0001 |
| Admission glucose, mg/dL, median (range) | 114 (72–569) | 126 (76–663) | .0036 |
| Treatment, n (%) | |||
| IV tPA | 78 (32.8) | 49 (38.3) | .2911 |
| IAT | 6 (2.5) | 8 (6.2) | .0761 |
| HDL, mg/dL, median (range) | 42 (19–100) | 45 (11–100) | .1876 |
| LDL, mg/dL, median (range) | 105 (17–540) | 103 (29–540) | .3318 |
| HbA1c, %, median (range) | 5.8 (4.5–13.7) | 6.1 (4.6–12.7) | .0104 |
| 24-h NIHSS, median (range) | 2 (0–32) | 12 (0–42) | <.0001 |
| TOAST, n (%) | .1038 | ||
| Cardioembolic | 61 (25.6) | 42 (32.8) | |
| Large vessel | 55 (23.1) | 37 (28.9) | |
| Small vessel | 48 (20.2) | 27 (21.1) | |
| Cryptogenic (no cause) | 7 (2.9) | 2 (10.6) | |
| Cryptogenic (>1 cause) | 57 (23.9) | 13 (10.2) | |
| Other | 10 (4.2) | 7 (5.5) | |
| Any HT, n (%) | 21 (13.3) | 39 (35.8) | <.0001 |
| sICH, n (%) | 0 | 10 (8.7) | <.0001 |
| Discharge NIHSS, median (range) | 1 (0–42) | 11 (0–42) | <.0001 |
| Length of stay, d, median (range) | 4 (1–43) | 9 (1–52) | <.0001 |
| Discharge mRS, median (range) | 2 (0–6) | 4 (0–6) | <.0001 |
| Discharge disposition, n (%) | <.0001 | ||
| Home | 147 (62.5) | 23 (18.1) | |
| Inpatient rehabilitation | 66 (28.1) | 52 (40.9) | |
| Skilled nursing facility | 9 (3.8) | 13 (10.2) | |
| Long-term acute care facility | 4 (1.7) | 4 (3.1) | |
| Hospice | 6 (2.5) | 6 (4.7) | |
| Expired | 0 | 30 (23.4) | |
| Other | 2 (.9) | 0 |
Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HT, hemorrhagic transformation; IAT, intra-arterial thrombolysis; IV tPA, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; ND, neurologic deterioration; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SBP, systolic blood pressure; sICH, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (parenchymal hematoma grade 2 with accompanying increase in NIHSS score of 4 or more points within 36 h or death); TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.